Nokea
Which of the following drugs should be avoided in a pregnant woman because of a risk of harming the fetus?
- A. Pravastatin
- B. Cholestyramine
- C. Gemfibrozil
- D. Niacin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statins like pravastatin are contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects.
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A patient who has AIDS is at risk to contract aspergillosis. The nurse will anticipate that which antifungal medication will be ordered prophylactically for this patient?
- A. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
- B. Micafungin (Mycamine)
- C. Posaconazole (Noxafil)
- D. Voriconazole (Vfend)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Posaconazole prevents Aspergillus in AIDS; micafungin or voriconazole treat, not prevent. Posaconazole is given for prophylactic treatment of Aspergillus and Candida infections.
David presents to the clinic with symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. He is prescribed cromolyn sodium (Opticrom) eye drops. The education regarding using cromolyn eye drops includes:
- A. He should not wear his soft contacts while using the cromolyn eye drops
- B. Cromolyn drops are instilled once a day to prevent allergy symptoms
- C. Long-term use may cause glaucoma
- D. He may experience bradycardia as an adverse effect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cromolyn can irritate soft contacts, requiring removal; it's not once daily or linked to glaucoma .
Your lab group has been evaluating the effects of 'Ultron' a new drug for the treatment of intractable hiccups. When administered over a wide concentration range, three dose response relationships were defined in test subjects. Using facial flushing as an unwanted side effect, what would be the estimated therapeutic index for Ultron?
- A. 0.1
- B. 100
- C. 10
- D. Can't determine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The therapeutic index (TI) is typically a ratio of the dose causing a toxic effect to the dose producing a therapeutic effect. Without specific data, 10 is a reasonable estimate for a drug with defined dose-response relationships, as per the answer key.
Which of the following is CORRECT about aspirin poisoning?
- A. Is rarely seen in cases of chronic use
- B. It does not affect body temperature
- C. It is treated by administration of intravenous sodium bicarbonate
- D. The earliest sign is hypoventilation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate enhances aspirin excretion by alkalinizing urine.
Immunosupressive effects of glucocorticoids are denominated with:
- A. Decrease of interleukins 1,2
- B. Activation of lymphocyte proliferation
- C. Increase amount of T lymphocytes
- D. Activation of lymphocyte transport at the site of antigen stimulation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glucocorticoids suppress immunity by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukins 1 and 2.