Nokea
Janice has elevated LDL, VLDL, and triglyceride levels. Niaspan, an extended-release form of niacin, is chosen to treat her hyperlipidemia. Due to its metabolism and excretion, which of the following laboratory results should be monitored?
- A. Serum alanine aminotransferase
- B. Serum amylase
- C. Serum creatinine
- D. Phenylketonuria
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Niacin can cause hepatotoxicity, requiring ALT monitoring.
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Which of the following is a representative of sulfonylurea?
- A. Metformin
- B. Sitagliptine
- C. Acarbose
- D. Chlorpropamide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chlorpropamide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.
Select the most appropriate drug for regular prophylactic therapy in a 10 year old child who suffers from exercise induced asthma:
- A. Oral salbutamol
- B. Oral theophylline
- C. Inhaled sodium cromoglycate
- D. Inhaled salmeterol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Inhaled sodium cromoglycate is preferred for prophylaxis in exercise-induced asthma in children, stabilizing mast cells to prevent bronchoconstriction; salmeterol is a long-acting option but less favored.
Which of the following drugs should be avoided in a pregnant woman because of a risk of harming the fetus?
- A. Pravastatin
- B. Cholestyramine
- C. Gemfibrozil
- D. Niacin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Statins like pravastatin are contraindicated in pregnancy due to potential teratogenic effects.
Pharmacogenetic testing is required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration prior to prescribing:
- A. Erythromycin
- B. Digoxin
- C. Cetuximab
- D. Rifampin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: FDA requires pharmacogenetic testing for cetuximab to check EGFR status, not for erythromycin, digoxin, or rifampin.
An order is written for oxazepam for a 6-year-old child. The nurse notices that there is no established dosage for children 6 to 12 years of age. Knowing that the usual adult dose is 10 mg t.i.d., what would the nurse calculate the appropriate dose to be?
- A. 0.03 mg t.i.d.
- B. 0.3 mg t.i.d.
- C. 1.8 mg t.i.d.
- D. 3.3 mg t.i.d.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because the nurse only knows the child's age, the nurse would need to use Young's Rule to determine the appropriate dosage. Use the formula, child's dose equals the age of the child in years divided by the child's age plus 12 times the average adult dose to calculate the answer. Dose = (6/[6+12]) 10 mg (6/18 = 0.33 10 = 3.3).