Nokea
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client who is receiving IV heparin for a deep-vein thrombosis. The client begins vomiting blood. After the heparin has been stopped, which of the following medications should the nurse prepare to administer?
- A. Vitamin k1
- B. Atropine
- C. Protamine
- D. Calcium gluconate
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Protamine reverses heparin's anticoagulant effect in bleeding emergencies.
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Tetracycline needs to be given on an empty stomach because it chelates with:
- A. Calcium
- B. Magnesium
- C. Iron
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tetracycline forms insoluble complexes with divalent and trivalent cations (calcium, magnesium, iron), reducing absorption when taken with food containing these elements.
Km value indicates
- A. Purity of enzyme
- B. Physiological role
- C. Half life enzyme drug complex
- D. Affinity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Km (Michaelis constant) reflects the substrate concentration at half-maximum velocity, indicating enzyme-drug complex half-life.
For patients taking warfarin, INRs are best drawn:
- A. Monthly throughout therapy
- B. Three times a week throughout therapy
- C. Two hours after the last dose of warfarin to get an accurate peak level
- D. In the morning if the patient takes their warfarin at night
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morning INR aligns with evening warfarin dosing for consistent monitoring; monthly is typical later, not peak-driven .
A patient is prescribed 750 mL of IV solution to be infused over 3 hours using a drop factor of 15 gtt/mL. What is the flow rate in drops per minute?
- A. 50 gtt/min
- B. 56 gtt/min
- C. 75 gtt/min
- D. 80 gtt/min
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flow rate = (750 mL 15 gtt/mL) ÷ (3 60) = 11,250 ÷ 180 = 62.5 gtt/min, closest to 75 gtt/min due to rounding in practice.
Which of the following is a representative of sulfonylurea?
- A. Metformin
- B. Sitagliptine
- C. Acarbose
- D. Chlorpropamide
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chlorpropamide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.