Drug Classifications and Illicit Drug Quiz

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A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan. A nurse working on an oncology unit administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best describes the actions of all three nurses?

  • A. Pharmacoeconomics
  • B. Pharmacotherapeutics
  • C. Pharmacodynamics
  • D. Pharmacokinetics
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose disease. The nurse working in radiology is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The nurse working on an oncology unit is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a drug affects the body, and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the drug.

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Drug of choice in motion sickness is

  • A. Metoclopramide
  • B. Transdermal scopalamine
  • C. Diphenhydramine
  • D. Chlorpromazine
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Transdermal scopolamine is the drug of choice for motion sickness.

The term 'chemical antagonism' means that:

  • A. two drugs combine with one another to form an inactive compound
  • B. two drugs combine with one another to form a more active compound
  • C. two drugs combine with one another to form a more water soluble compound
  • D. two drugs combine with one another to form a more fat soluble compound
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Chemical antagonism involves a direct chemical interaction rendering the drug inactive, e.g., chelation.

Combined alpha-beta antagonists are used to reduce the progression of heart failure because they:

  • A. Vasodilate the peripheral vasculature
  • B. Decrease cardiac output
  • C. Increase renal vascular resistance
  • D. Reduce atherosclerosis secondary to elevated serum lipoproteins
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Alpha-beta blockers (e.g., carvedilol) vasodilate, reducing afterload in heart failure.

Which of the following is CORRECT about aspirin poisoning?

  • A. Is rarely seen in cases of chronic use
  • B. It does not affect body temperature
  • C. It is treated by administration of intravenous sodium bicarbonate
  • D. The earliest sign is hypoventilation
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Sodium bicarbonate enhances aspirin excretion by alkalinizing urine.

Which legislation authorizes the FDA to determine the safety of a drug before its marketing?

  • A. Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938)
  • B. Durham Humphrey Amendment (1952)
  • C. Controlled Substances Act (1970)
  • D. Kefauver Harris Drug Amendment (1962)
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 authorized the FDA to determine the safety of all drugs before marketing. Later amendments and acts helped tighten FDA control and ensure drug safety.

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