Nokea
Which of the following drugs is CORRECTLY paired with its ECG effects?
- A. Lidocaine; decreased QRS and PR intervals
- B. Metoprolol: increased QRS duration
- C. Flecainide: increased PR, QRS, and QT intervals
- D. Verapamil: increased PR interval
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Verapamil slows AV conduction, increasing PR interval.
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What medication most likely caused patient's hypoglycaemia?
- A. Acarbose
- B. Exenatide
- C. Glyburide
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glyburide, a sulfonylurea, is most likely to cause hypoglycemia due to excessive insulin release.
Hannah will be traveling to Mexico with her church group over spring break to build houses. She is concerned she may develop traveler's diarrhea. Advice includes following normal food and water precautions as well as taking:
- A. Loperamide four times a day throughout the trip
- B. Bismuth subsalicylate with each meal and at bedtime
- C. A prescription for diphenoxylate with atropine to use if she gets diarrhea
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bismuth subsalicylate prevents traveler's diarrhea when taken prophylactically; loperamide or diphenoxylate are for treatment, not prevention.
Which of the following statements best defines how a chemical becomes a drug?
- A. A chemical must have a proven therapeutic value or efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties to become a drug.
- B. A chemical becomes a drug when it is introduced into the body to cause a change.
- C. A chemical is considered a drug when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves its release to be marketed.
- D. A chemical must have demonstrated therapeutic value to become a drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A chemical must undergo a series of tests to determine its therapeutic value and efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties before it is termed a drug. Test results are reported to the FDA, which may or may not give approval.
The major factor in terminating the action of ethanol is
- A. Biotransformation
- B. Excretion through lungs
- C. Excretion unchanged in urine
- D. Excretion in feces
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ethanol is primarily metabolized by the liver (biotransformation) via alcohol dehydrogenase.
Besides osteoporosis, IV bisphosphonates are also indicated for:
- A. Paget's Disease
- B. Early osteopenia
- C. Renal cancer
- D. Early closure of cranial sutures
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IV bisphosphonates treat Paget's disease by reducing bone turnover; osteopenia uses oral forms typically.