Nokea
Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to:
- A. Immature renal function in school-age children
- B. Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population
- C. Children's skin being thicker than adults, it is less likely to absorb dosages of topical medication
- D. Infant boys having a higher proportion of muscle mass, leading to a higher volume of distribution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lack of pediatric studies increases ADR risk due to unestablished safety/efficacy, unlike renal maturity , skin thickness (C, false), or muscle mass (D, false).
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Cost-effectiveness analysis compares two or more treatments or programs that are:
- A. Not necessarily therapeutically equivalent
- B. Considered equal in efficacy
- C. Compared with the dollar value of the benefit received
- D. Expressed in terms of patient preference or quality-adjusted life years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates treatments that may differ in efficacy.
A nurse is reading a journal article about seasonal allergies and comes across the name of the drug loratadine. The nurse identifies this drug name as which of the following?
- A. Chemical
- B. Generic
- C. Trade
- D. Brand
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The generic name is the name given to a drug that can be made or marketed by any company and is the name given to the drug by the FDA. The chemical name is the scientific term that describes the molecular structure of the drugs, typically the chemical components. The trade or brand name of the drug is the name selected by a specific company for marketing purposes and is followed by a trademark symbol or registered trademark symbol.
A nurse is preparing to administer Haloperidol 2 mg PO every 12 hr. The amount available is haloperidol 1 mg/tablet. how many tablets should the nurse administer? (Round the answer to the nearest whole number. Do not use a trailing zero.)
- A. 2
- B. 6
- C. 1
- D. 8
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calculation: 2 mg ÷ 1 mg/tablet = 2 tablets, matching the provided answer.
Which of the following statements about NSAIDs is true?
- A. Most NSAIDs are weak acids
- B. Most NSAIDs are metabolised by the liver into inactive metabolites
- C. Oxicams tend to have the longest half-lives of all NSAIDs
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All are true: NSAIDs are weak acids, metabolized by the liver, and oxicams (e.g., piroxicam) have long half-lives.
Hannah will be traveling to Mexico with her church group over spring break to build houses. She is concerned she may develop traveler's diarrhea. Advice includes following normal food and water precautions as well as taking:
- A. Loperamide four times a day throughout the trip
- B. Bismuth subsalicylate with each meal and at bedtime
- C. A prescription for diphenoxylate with atropine to use if she gets diarrhea
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Bismuth subsalicylate prevents traveler's diarrhea when taken prophylactically; loperamide or diphenoxylate are for treatment, not prevention.