Nokea
Which of the following has a stimulative effect on adrenal glands:
- A. Gonadotropins
- B. Thyrotropic hormone
- C. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
- D. Melanocyt stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal glands to produce cortisol and other steroids.
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Cost-effectiveness analysis compares two or more treatments or programs that are:
- A. Not necessarily therapeutically equivalent
- B. Considered equal in efficacy
- C. Compared with the dollar value of the benefit received
- D. Expressed in terms of patient preference or quality-adjusted life years
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cost-effectiveness analysis evaluates treatments that may differ in efficacy.
Mutations in receptor tyrosine kinases would most likely be associated with :
- A. Neurologic diseases
- B. Endocrine diseases
- C. Cancers
- D. Metabolic abnormalities
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Receptor tyrosine kinases are often linked to uncontrolled cell growth when mutated, commonly associated with cancers.
A nurse is reinforcing teaching for a client regarding how to mix regular insulin and NPH insulin in the same syringe. Which of the following actions, if performed by the client, indicates the need for further teaching?
- A. Withdraws the NPH insulin first
- B. Withdraws the regular insulin first
- C. Injects air into NPH insulin vial first
- D. Injects an amount of air equal to the desired dose of insulin into the vial
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When preparing a mixture of regular insulin with another insulin preparation, the regular insulin is drawn into the syringe first. This sequence will avoid contaminating the vial of regular insulin with insulin of another type. Options 2, 3, and 4 identify the correct actions for preparing NPH and regular insulin.
Which of the following statements best defines how a chemical becomes a drug?
- A. A chemical must have a proven therapeutic value or efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties to become a drug.
- B. A chemical becomes a drug when it is introduced into the body to cause a change.
- C. A chemical is considered a drug when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approves its release to be marketed.
- D. A chemical must have demonstrated therapeutic value to become a drug.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A chemical must undergo a series of tests to determine its therapeutic value and efficacy without severe toxicity or damaging properties before it is termed a drug. Test results are reported to the FDA, which may or may not give approval.
What medication most likely caused patient's hypoglycaemia?
- A. Acarbose
- B. Exenatide
- C. Glyburide
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glyburide, a sulfonylurea, is most likely to cause hypoglycemia due to excessive insulin release.