Nokea
Which of the following statements about NSAIDs is true?
- A. Most NSAIDs are weak acids
- B. Most NSAIDs are metabolised by the liver into inactive metabolites
- C. Oxicams tend to have the longest half-lives of all NSAIDs
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All are true: NSAIDs are weak acids, metabolized by the liver, and oxicams (e.g., piroxicam) have long half-lives.
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While caring for a patient scheduled for knee replacement surgery, the nurse provides cefazolin (Ancef) as ordered 30 minutes pre-operatively. The nurse knows that teaching has been effective by which of the following client statements?
- A. The antibiotic is given as a prophylactic to help reduce the risk of infection after surgery.'
- B. This is a palliative medication to help ease the pain from surgery.'
- C. This medication will replace vitamins and minerals that may be lost due to bleeding during surgery.'
- D. This medication will help the surgeon identify areas of bone destruction due to arthritis.'
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cefazolin is administered pre-operatively as prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections, aligning with standard practice and effective patient understanding.
Which of the following drugs is CORRECTLY paired with its ECG effects?
- A. Lidocaine; decreased QRS and PR intervals
- B. Metoprolol: increased QRS duration
- C. Flecainide: increased PR, QRS, and QT intervals
- D. Verapamil: increased PR interval
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Verapamil slows AV conduction, increasing PR interval.
The patient is prescribed a medication that was just placed in Phase IV study. The patient tells the nurse, This medication is too expensive. Could the doctor order a generic form of this medication? What is the nurses most accurate response?
- A. Medications are not produced in generic form until the patent expires, which normally takes several years.
- B. You can request the generic form but the binder used may make the drug less effective for this medication.
- C. The generic form of the medication would not be any less expensive because this is a relatively new medication.
- D. Generic medications are lower quality drugs and that would mean you would not be getting the best treatment available.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When a new drug enters the market, it is given a time-limited patent; generic forms of the medication cannot be produced until the patent expires. Because no generic version of this drug will exist because it is so new, it is impossible to predict what binder will be used or what the cost would be.
A 31-year-old woman with chronic anemia presents with a deepening of her voice and a decrease in breast size.
- A. Clomiphene
- B. Hydrochlorothiazide
- C. Furosemide
- D. Nandrolone
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Nandrolone, an anabolic steroid, causes virilization (voice deepening, breast reduction).
Infants and young children are at higher risk of ADRs due to:
- A. Immature renal function in school-age children
- B. Lack of safety and efficacy studies in the pediatric population
- C. Children's skin being thicker than adults, it is less likely to absorb dosages of topical medication
- D. Infant boys having a higher proportion of muscle mass, leading to a higher volume of distribution
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lack of pediatric studies increases ADR risk due to unestablished safety/efficacy, unlike renal maturity , skin thickness (C, false), or muscle mass (D, false).