Nokea
A nurse is calculating a child's medication dose by using Clark's Rule. Which of the following calculations represents the application of Clark's Rule?
- A. Infant's age in months/150 months the average adult dose
- B. Child's age in years/child's age in years +12 times the average adult dose
- C. Weight of child in pounds/150 pounds the average adult dose
- D. Surface area in square meters/1.73 the average adult dose
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Clark's Rule uses the child's weight to calculate the dose and assumes the adult dose is based on a 150-pound person. Fried's Rule applies to a child younger than 1 year of age and assumes that an adult dose would be appropriate for a child who is 12.5 years (150 months) old. Young's Rule applies to children 1 to 12 years of age. Surface area calculation of a child's dose is determined with the use of a nomogram including the child's height and weight.
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Which mode of action has insulin in muscles?
- A. Decrease glucose absorption
- B. Decrease glycolysis
- C. Enhance glycolysis
- D. Decrease amino acid absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Insulin enhances glycolysis in muscles by increasing glucose uptake and utilization.
An important concept taught by the nurse when providing medication teaching is the need to provide a complete list of medications taken to health care providers to avoid what?
- A. Spending large amounts of money on medications
- B. Allergic reactions to medications
- C. Drug-drug interactions
- D. Critical concentrations of medications in the body
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is important that all health care providers have a complete list of the patient's medications to avoid drug-drug interactions caused by one provider ordering a medication, unaware of another medication the patient is taking that could interact with the new prescription. Using the same pharmacist for all prescriptions will also help to prevent this from happening. Informing the provider of all medications taken will not reduce costs of medications, which is best accomplished by requesting generic medications. Allergies should be disclosed to all health care providers as well, but this is not why it is important to provide a complete list of medications taken. Critical concentrations are desirable because that is the amount of drug needed to cause a therapeutic effect, or, in other words, to have the effect the drug is prescribed for.
A patient will begin taking streptomycin as part of the medication regimen to treat tuberculosis. Before administering this medication, the nurse will review which laboratory values in the patient's medical record?
- A. Complete blood count (CBC) with differential white cell count
- B. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine
- C. Potassium and magnesium levels
- D. Serum fasting glucose
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Streptomycin risks nephrotoxicity, requiring renal function (BUN, creatinine) checks; CBC or electrolytes are less critical. Streptomycin can cause significant renal toxicity.
The Centers for Disease Control recommends all newborn infants receive prophylactic administration of ____ within 1 hour of birth.
- A. Gentamicin ophthalmic ointment
- B. Ciprofloxacin ophthalmic drops
- C. Erythromycin oral suspension
- D. Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Erythromycin ointment prevents neonatal conjunctivitis per CDC; oral isn't used.
Which of the following drugs used for gout decreases net renal tubular reabsorption of uric acid?
- A. Hypoxanthine
- B. Indomethacin
- C. Colchicine
- D. Allopurinol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Colchicine reduces inflammation but also decreases uric acid reabsorption indirectly.