Nokea
Identify the type of study design described: Fifteen hundred adult men who worked for Lockheed Aircraft were initially examined in 1951 and were classified by diagnostic criteria for coronary artery disease. Every three years they have been reexamined for new cases of the disease; attack rates in different subgroups have been computed annually.
- A. Cohort study
- B. Case-control study
- C. Cross-sectional study
- D. Ecological study
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This ongoing follow-up represents a cohort study monitoring disease incidence.
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When people migrate within the same country,it is called:
- A. in migration
- B. emigration
- C. outmigration
- D. immigration
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In-migration refers to movement into a particular area within the same country.
Inductive research was purposed by
- A. aristotle
- B. Socrates
- C. plato
- D. none
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aristotle is credited with proposing inductive reasoning.
Calculate the percentage decline in the death rate for all causes. What generalizations can be made about changes in disease rates between 1900 and the present?
- A. Death rates declined significantly due to advancements in healthcare.
- B. Death rates increased due to population growth.
- C. Death rates remained constant despite medical advancements.
- D. Death rates fluctuated without clear trends.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Death rates have declined significantly since 1900 due to improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and living conditions.
What does routine analysis of notifiable disease data at the state level include?
- A. Number of cases reported this week and during the previous 2-4 weeks.
- B. Number of cases reported this week and during comparable weeks of the previous 2-5 years.
- C. Simultaneous analysis by age, race, and sex of the patient.
- D. Analysis by county.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: County-level analysis helps localize outbreaks or regional differences in disease burden.
The hallmark feature of an analytic epidemiologic study is:
- A. Use of an appropriate comparison group
- B. Laboratory confirmation of the diagnosis
- C. Publication in a peer-reviewed journal
- D. Statistical analysis using logistic regression
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The key feature of analytic studies is the use of a comparison group to assess associations.