Should the case definition for surveillance match the clinical case definition?
- A. True.
- B. FALSE
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Surveillance and clinical case definitions may differ because they serve different purposes; clinical definitions focus on treatment, while surveillance definitions optimize detection.
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Horizontal line drawn from 50% tick mark to plotted curve intersects at median
- A. Cumulative frequency curve
- B. Survival curve
- C. Both
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This feature describes cumulative frequency curves where the median is identified.
Define in your own words the term 'the natural history of disease'.
- A. The progression of a disease without medical intervention.
- B. The impact of treatment on disease outcomes.
- C. The study of disease origins.
- D. The distribution of diseases in populations.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The natural history of disease refers to the course a disease takes in the absence of medical intervention, from onset to resolution.
The truth about normal distribution curve is all except
- A. Mean median and mode of all confidence
- B. Standard deviation is one
- C. Mean of the curve is hundred
- D. The total area of the curve is one
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The mean of a standard normal curve is 0, not 100.
What methodologic difficulties exist with respect to investigations of the health effects of these forms of radiation?
- A. Difficulty measuring exposure levels accurately.
- B. Lack of available funding for research.
- C. Public resistance to participation in studies.
- D. Overabundance of conclusive evidence.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Accurately quantifying exposure to EMFs and ionizing radiation poses significant challenges due to variability and complexity.
In any programme target refers to:
- A. set of activities
- B. objective of programme
- C. degree of achievement
- D. evaluation to be done
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Targets in programs refer to the degree or level of achievement expected.