Nokea
The followings are risk factors associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) except:
- A. Elevated uric acid
- B. Elevated blood pressure
- C. Diabetes mellitus
- D. Elevated LDL-cholesterol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: NAFLD ties to metabolic mess hypertension, diabetes, high LDL, and triglycerides fuel fat's liver pile-up, all in. Uric acid links to gout, not NAFLD's core, despite metabolic overlap. Clinicians eye this quartet, not urate, in chronic liver fat's risk map, a key split.
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A 3-year-old girl with a Wilms tumor is returning to the unit after a simple nephrectomy. Which of the following actions have the highest priority in caring for this child?
- A. Maintaining NPO.
- B. Monitoring the BP every 2 hours.
- C. Turning her every 2 hours.
- D. Administering pain medication every 4 hours.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: After a nephrectomy for Wilms tumor, monitoring blood pressure (BP) every 2 hours is the highest priority because kidney removal disrupts renin-angiotensin regulation, risking hypo- or hypertension, especially in a young child with one remaining kidney. Using the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation), BP falls under circulation, a critical postoperative focus to detect shock or fluid imbalance early. Maintaining NPO is temporary post-anesthesia but shifts to hydration once awake, less urgent than BP. Turning every 2 hours prevents pressure ulcers, but a mobile 3-year-old post-simple nephrectomy likely moves independently unless sedated, lowering its priority. Pain medication is key but ranks lower (e.g., G' in extended ABCs) than circulation. Frequent BP checks ensure stability, aligning with nursing's role in pediatric surgical care to prevent complications in a child adapting to single-kidney function.
Glibenclamide belongs to the class
- A. Sulphonylureas
- B. Thiazolidinediones
- C. Benzoic acid derivatives
- D. Biguanides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Glibenclamide's a sulphonylurea pumps insulin from beta cells, a classic diabetes fix. Thiazolidinediones tweak sensitivity, benzoic acids like repaglinide hit fast, biguanides like metformin curb liver glucose. It's a chronic pancreas prod, not a sensitivity or liver play nurses and pharmacists peg it for type 2's insulin lag, a distinct class with a clear job.
An older adult patient who has colorectal cancer is receiving IV fluids at 175 mL/hr in conjunction with the prescribed chemotherapy. Which finding by the nurse is most important to report to the health care provider?
- A. Patient complains of severe fatigue.
- B. Patient voids every hour during the day.
- C. Patient takes only 50% of meals and refuses snacks.
- D. Patient has crackles up to the midline posterior chest.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: High-rate fluids (175 mL/hr) plus chemo in an older colorectal patient can swamp the heart crackles to midline yell heart failure, trumping fatigue , peeing , or poor eating . Nurses in oncology flag this lungs drowning need stat help, a fluid overload crisis.
Triglycerides in VLDL particles can be passed on to HDL particles. Question: Which enzyme mediates this process?
- A. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP)
- B. Hepatic lipase (HL)
- C. Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)
- D. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: CETP swaps triglycerides VLDL to HDL, not lipase cutters. Nurses know this, a chronic lipid shuffle.
A 79 year old woman is told by his GP that she has postural hypertension. Which of the following BP is she likely to be having?
- A. A drop of 15 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
- B. A drop of 17 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
- C. A drop of 21 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
- D. A rise of 5 mmHg/10 mmHg within 3 minutes of standing
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Postural hypotension 21/10 drop flags, not rises or mild dips. Nurses catch this chronic stand slip (assuming typo meant hypotension).