Nokea
A chemotherapy drug that causes alopecia is prescribed for a patient. Which action should the nurse take to support the patient's self-esteem?
- A. Encourage the patient to purchase a wig or hat to wear when hair loss begins.
- B. Suggest that the patient limit social contacts until regrowth of the hair occurs.
- C. Teach the patient to wash hair gently with mild shampoo to minimize hair loss.
- D. Inform the patient that hair usually grows back once chemotherapy is complete.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Alopecia from chemo (e.g., cyclophosphamide) guts self-esteem prepping with wigs or hats hands control back, softening the blow. Limiting contact isolates; gentle washing won't stop it follicles are toast. Regrowth is true but delayed. Nurses in oncology push this proactive step it's practical, empowering, and tackles the psychosocial hit head-on.
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Obesity is associated with an increased incidence of which of the following disorders?
- A. Dyslipidaemia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Cancer
- D. All disorders mentioned above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Obesity hauls dyslipidaemia, hypertension, cancer fat's a triple threat, no dodge. Nurses see this, a chronic disease bundle.
Regarding oxygen consumption by the adult human body:
- A. It is approximately 3 ml Oâ‚‚ kgâ»Â¹ minâ»Â¹ at rest in the awake adult patient.
- B. It rises to approximately 11 ml Oâ‚‚ kgâ»Â¹ minâ»Â¹ at peak exercise in healthy young adults.
- C. Increases by approximately 5-fold after major surgery.
- D. Peak oxygen consumption is likely to be quantified accurately by cardiopulmonary exercise testing.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen consumption (VOâ‚‚) reflects metabolic demand. At rest, VOâ‚‚ is approximately 3-4 ml Oâ‚‚ kgâ»Â¹ minâ»Â¹ in awake adults, aligning with basal energy needs (250-300 ml/min total). During peak exercise, healthy young adults can reach 30-40 ml Oâ‚‚ kgâ»Â¹ minâ»Â¹, far exceeding 11 ml, depending on fitness. Post-major surgery, VOâ‚‚ increases 50-100% (1.5-2-fold), not 5-fold, due to stress and healing, though critical illness may spike higher briefly. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) accurately measures peak VOâ‚‚, unlike the Duke Activity Status Index, which estimates it via questionnaire. The resting value of 3 ml Oâ‚‚ kgâ»Â¹ minâ»Â¹ is a physiological constant, foundational to understanding perioperative oxygen delivery and demand.
Which ONE of the following is consistent with scarlet fever:
- A. Punctate rash on neck and trunk
- B. Circumoral erythema
- C. Geographic tongue
- D. Only occurs in association with streptococcal pharyngitis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Scarlet fever circumoral pallor, not erythema, rash, tongue, strep, peeling fit. Nurses spot this chronic strep face.
The nurse is caring for a client who was recently diagnosed with hemophilia. Which of the following laboratory tests is consistent with that diagnosis?
- A. Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time
- B. Prolonged prothrombin time
- C. Decreased platelet count
- D. Decreased bleeding time
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Hemophilia factor VIII or IX lack stretches aPTT, as intrinsic clotting lags, a lab fit for this X-linked bleed fest. PT stays normal extrinsic path's fine. Platelets don't drop; bleeding time's off-base. Nurses spot prolonged aPTT, confirming hemophilia's clotting chaos, guiding factor therapy in this bloody diagnosis.
A nurse is caring for four clients with leukemia. After hand-off report, which client should the nurse see first?
- A. Client who had two bloody diarrhea stools this morning
- B. Client who has been premedicated for nausea prior to chemotherapy
- C. Client who is crying and feeling lonely
- D. Client with an unchanged lesion to the lower right lateral malleolus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Leukemia's marrow suppression risks bleeding two bloody stools signal GI hemorrhage, a potential emergency needing urgent assessment for stability, trumping others per ABCs. Premedicated nausea's managed, loneliness needs support but waits, and an unchanged lesion's stable. Nurses prioritize bleeding, anticipating labs or fluids, a life-saving call in this fragile hematologic lineup.