Nokea
Which of the following are not part of the diabetic retinopathy that cause visual impairment in patients with diabetes?
- A. Pre proliferative retinopathy
- B. Macular oedema
- C. Proliferative retinopathy
- D. Macular degeneration
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetic retinopathy pre-proliferative, edema, proliferative blur eyes from sugar's vessel rot. Macular degeneration's age, not diabetes. Nurses spot this, a chronic sight split.
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Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is TRUE?
- A. Weight regain after weight loss is physiological and not necessarily due to a failure of conscious efforts (to lose weight)
- B. The reward system of weight regulation is homeostatic in nature
- C. Liking' and wanting' of food are mainly conscious processes
- D. In human studies, functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown deficiency in reward-encoding brain regions and/or over activation in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Weight bounces back biology, not just willpower; rewards aren't homeostatic, liking's subconscious, fMRI flips, hypothalamus rules. Nurses get this chronic rebound truth.
According to the McGinnis model of 2002, what percentage of health differences between people is related to their behaviour?
- A. 10%
- B. 20%
- C. 30%
- D. 40%
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: McGinnis pegs behaviour smoking, eating at 40% of health gaps, big over genes or care. Nurses lean on this, a chronic choice chunk.
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is caused by:
- A. Ventricular hypertrophy reducing contractility of muscles
- B. Decreased perfusion of the myocardium
- C. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- D. Impaired ventricular relaxation resulting in the lack of ability of ventricles to fill with blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: HFpEF stiff ventricles won't relax, slashing fill-up, not pump-out. Hypertrophy aids, doesn't cause; perfusion dips hurt supply; dilated's HFrEF. Nurses target this, a chronic fill flaw.
Officially approved blood glucose meters used for self-testing and point-of-care diagnostics are not always suitable to measure the blood glucose values in neonates. Question: What is the main cause for this?
- A. Some meters are calibrated to plasma glucose and other meters to blood glucose
- B. Some measurement methods are sensitive to high levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
- C. The measurement variation of some meters is too large
- D. Some meters are sensitive to abnormal haematocrit values
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neonate glucose flubs haematocrit swings throw meters off, not calibration, vitamin C, or variance. Nurses adjust for this, a chronic baby glitch.
A patient who has ovarian cancer is crying and tells the nurse, 'My husband rarely visits. He just doesn't care.' The husband indicates to the nurse that he does not know what to say to his wife. Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for the nurse to add to the plan of care?
- A. Compromised family coping related to disruption in lifestyle
- B. Impaired home maintenance related to perceived role changes
- C. Risk for caregiver role strain related to burdens of caregiving responsibilities
- D. Dysfunctional family processes related to effect of illness on family members
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Ovarian cancer's toll her tears, his silence points to dysfunctional family processes; illness jams communication, not lifestyle , home upkeep , or caregiving load . He's lost, not burdened. Nurses in oncology peg this cancer's ripple screws up dynamics, needing talks to bridge the gap, not just task fixes.