Nokea
Characteristics of acute pain do not include:
- A. Recent onset
- B. Attributable to specific injury or disease
- C. Lasts from a few minutes to less than 6 months
- D. Unable to be relieved by analgesia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acute pain fresh, tied to harm, short-lived yields to pills, not stubborn. Nurses spot this, a chronic pain foil.
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The following blood values are found in a patient: total cholesterol: 9.2 mmol/L (strongly elevated) and triglycerides: 1.7 mmol/L (normal). Question: Which lipid particle is most likely to cause this abnormal lipid spectrum?
- A. The chylomicron particle
- B. The IDL particle
- C. The LDL particle
- D. The VLDL particle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Sky-high cholesterol, normal triglycerides LDL's the cholesterol hog, not chylomicrons, IDL, or VLDL's triglyceride tilt. Nurses peg this, a chronic heart risk spike.
Officially approved blood glucose meters used for self-testing and point-of-care diagnostics are not always suitable to measure the blood glucose values in neonates. Question: What is the main cause for this?
- A. Some meters are calibrated to plasma glucose and other meters to blood glucose
- B. Some measurement methods are sensitive to high levels of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
- C. The measurement variation of some meters is too large
- D. Some meters are sensitive to abnormal haematocrit values
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Neonate glucose flubs haematocrit swings throw meters off, not calibration, vitamin C, or variance. Nurses adjust for this, a chronic baby glitch.
Which patient is at greatest risk for pancreatic cancer?
- A. An elderly black male with a history of smoking and alcohol use
- B. A young, white obese female with no known health issues
- C. A young black male with juvenile onset diabetes
- D. An elderly white female with a history of pancreatitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pancreatic cancer risk escalates with specific factors: age, race, smoking, and alcohol. An elderly Black male with smoking and alcohol history tops the list incidence peaks in older adults, Black populations face higher rates, and both habits are strong carcinogens, damaging pancreatic tissue over time. A young, obese white female has obesity as a risk, but youth and fewer exposures lower her odds. A young Black male with diabetes links to a risk factor, yet juvenile onset and age reduce immediate concern. An elderly white female with pancreatitis has a notable risk chronic inflammation predisposes but lacks the compounded impact of smoking and alcohol. The elderly Black male's profile aligns with epidemiological data, making him the nurse's focus for vigilant monitoring and early detection efforts.
A nurse works with clients who have alopecia from chemotherapy. What action by the nurse takes priority?
- A. Helping clients adjust to their appearance
- B. Reassuring clients that this change is temporary
- C. Referring clients to a reputable wig shop
- D. Teaching measures to prevent scalp injury
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Alopecia, or hair loss, is a common chemotherapy side effect due to drugs targeting rapidly dividing cells, including hair follicles. While emotional support is vital, the priority is client safety. Teaching measures to prevent scalp injury such as avoiding harsh brushing or sun exposure takes precedence because the scalp becomes vulnerable without hair's protective barrier, risking cuts, infections, or burns. Helping clients adjust to appearance and reassuring them about regrowth address psychosocial needs but don't mitigate physical risk. Referring to a wig shop is practical but secondary to safety. In oncology nursing, prioritizing physical protection aligns with the hierarchy of needs, ensuring the client avoids complications like infection, especially if immunocompromised, before addressing emotional impacts.
The nurse understands that the physician would need to be notified regarding a chemotherapy dose if the client experiences:
- A. Fatigue
- B. Nausea and vomiting
- C. Stomatitis
- D. Bone marrow suppression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chemotherapy's marrow hit bone marrow suppression drops counts like neutrophils or platelets, risking infection or bleeding, a dose-limiting toxicity needing physician review to adjust or pause treatment. Fatigue, nausea, and stomatitis are common, manageable with nursing care rest, antiemetics, mouth rinses unless extreme. Suppression's severity, tied to labs (e.g., ANC <500), halts therapy to protect the client, a critical threshold nurses monitor, distinguishing it from routine side effects, ensuring safety in this marrow-bashing regimen.