Nokea
For care of a patient who has oral cancer, which task would be appropriate to delegate to the LPN/LVN?
- A. Assist the patient to brush and floss
- B. Explain when brushing and flossing are contraindicated
- C. Give antacids and sucralfate suspension as ordered
- D. Recommend saliva substitutes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: LPN/LVNs excel in medication administration within their scope, making giving antacids and sucralfate ordered for oral cancer's mucosal protection ideal. Brushing and flossing assistance fits nursing assistants, a basic task. Explaining contraindications requires RN-level judgment to assess risks like bleeding or infection. Recommending saliva substitutes needs physician or pharmacist input, beyond LPN/LVN authority. Medication delivery leverages their training, easing symptoms like pain or ulcers, ensuring safe, supervised care in oral cancer's complex management, a practical delegation choice.
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Proven treatment for patients with noncirrhosis from NAFLD include the following except:
- A. Liver transplant
- B. Bariatric surgery
- C. Vitamin E
- D. Weight loss
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Noncirrhotic NAFLD bends to weight loss, bariatric cuts, and Vitamin E's antioxidant punch proven aids. Transplant's endgame for cirrhosis, not here. Metformin flops for fat, despite diabetes use. Clinicians skip this organ swap, leaning on lifestyle and pills, a chronic fix before scars hit.
Which of the following statements regarding dietary approaches to obesity treatment is TRUE?
- A. Dietary modifications are generally not sustainable and hence dietary approaches are not as important as pharmacological approaches
- B. There is no Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) level of evidence regarding decreasing sugar sweetened beverages
- C. Dietary approaches can be broadly categorised into energy-focused, macronutrient-focused, dietary pattern-focused, and dietary timing-focused
- D. Long-term diet trials have shown intermittent fasting to be superior to continuous energy restriction with respect to average weight loss
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diet's obesity fight splits smart energy, macros, patterns, and timing frame approaches, a true lens on options like low-carb or fasting. Sustainability varies, RCTs back sugar cuts, fasting ties (not tops) restriction, and proteins sate more than carbs. Clinicians wield this quartet, tailoring chronic plans, a broad truth in food's fat battle.
Which of the following conditions/abnormalities is always present in people who are diagnosed with metabolic syndrome?
- A. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- B. Disturbed renal function
- C. Hypertension
- D. Insulin resistance
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome's core insulin resistance ties the knot, not always diabetes, kidney flops, or high BP. A chronic root nurses peg this constant.
Which of the following management activities is not part of the nursing care of a patient with COPD?
- A. Achieving airway clearance and improving breathing patterns
- B. Ensuring the patient stays in bed and does not exert themselves causing increased dyspnoea
- C. Improving activity tolerance and assisting with lifestyle modification
- D. Monitoring and managing potential complications
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: COPD nursing pushes clearance, tolerance, and complication watch active goals. Bedrest flops deconditions, worsens breathlessness, a chronic care no-no nurses dodge.
The role of the nurse and other health professions in chronic disease is to:
- A. Support the person in managing their condition
- B. Provide direction to the person about their treatment
- C. Ensure the person takes their medications and avoids risk factors
- D. Decide on the best approach to manage the condition and direct the implementation of this care
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Chronic disease management hinges on patient empowerment, not authoritarian control. Supporting individuals in managing their condition aligns with modern nursing philosophy, fostering self-efficacy through education, emotional support, and resource provision key in texts like Deravin and Anderson (2019). Providing direction implies guidance, but it's less collaborative than support, often overstepping patient autonomy. Ensuring medication adherence and risk avoidance is paternalistic, assuming enforcement over partnership, which conflicts with patient-centered care principles. Deciding and directing care outright disregards patient input, undermining shared decision-making critical for long-term adherence in chronic illness. Support encompasses holistic care physical, psychological, and social enabling patients to navigate their condition, adapt lifestyles, and cope with challenges, reflecting the multidisciplinary team's role in enhancing quality of life rather than dictating it.