Questions About Chronic Diseases

Questions About Chronic Diseases Related

Review Questions About Chronic Diseases related questions and content

Pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most effective interventions in the management of COPD. The primary goals of this program are to:

  • A. Ensure the patient eats appropriately, takes their medication as prescribed and exercises every day.
  • B. Involve the patient in the multidisciplinary team and knows how to manage their condition.
  • C. Reduce symptoms, improved QOL, increase physical and emotional participation in everyday life.
  • D. Prevent deterioration, avoid hospitalisation and support the carers.
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a cornerstone COPD intervention, emphasizing functional improvement over mere compliance. Ensuring diet, medication, and daily exercise is supportive but not PR's primary aim it's too prescriptive. Involving patients in teams and self-management is valuable, but PR's core is outcome-driven: reducing dyspnea, enhancing quality of life (QOL), and boosting physical/emotional engagement in daily activities via exercise, education, and psychosocial support. Preventing deterioration and hospitalization are benefits, not goals PR doesn't directly support carers. Evidence (e.g., GOLD guidelines) highlights PR's efficacy in symptom relief (e.g., breathlessness), QOL gains (e.g., St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire), and participation (e.g., 6-minute walk test), per multidisciplinary programs outlined in chronic care texts, making it a holistic, patient-centered strategy beyond disease containment.

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About special considerations in the management of hypertension in older patients, which of the following is the correct answer?

  • A. Systolic hypertension - DBP should be <70 mmHg
  • B. Dementia - Target SBP should not be <150/90 mmHg
  • C. Care home residents - SBP <130 mmHg
  • D. Frailty - Target BP not <140/90 mmHg
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Frail elders BP >140/90 guards perfusion; systolic, dementia, care home tweaks misfire. Nurses ease this chronic frail line.

In caring for a patient with neutropenia, what tasks can be delegated to the nursing assistant?

  • A. Take vital signs every 4 hours
  • B. Report temperature elevation >100.4°F
  • C. Assess for sore throat, cough, or burning with urination
  • D. Gather the supplies to prepare the room for protective isolation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Neutropenia heightens infection risk, requiring team vigilance. Taking vital signs every 4 hours fits nursing assistants' scope routine monitoring flags fevers, key in neutropenia, without needing assessment skills. Reporting fever >100.4°F is their duty once detected, but assessing symptoms like sore throat or cough demands RN judgment to interpret infection signs. Gathering supplies for isolation is assistive, not evaluative, suiting their role. Handwashing's universal, not a task to delegate. Vital signs delegation ensures timely data collection, freeing nurses to analyze and act, a practical split in caring for this vulnerable patient.

Which nursing action should be included in the plan of care for a client returning to the surgical unit following a left modified radical mastectomy with dissection of axillary lymph nodes?

  • A. Obtain permanent breast prosthesis before the patient is discharged from the hospital
  • B. Teach the patient to use the ordered patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) every 10 minutes
  • C. Place a pink bracelet on the client warning against venipunctures or blood pressures in the left arm
  • D. Insist that the patient examine the surgical incision when the initial dressings are removed
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mastectomy with axillary dissection risks lymphedema a pink bracelet flags the left arm, barring venipuncture or BP cuffs to prevent swelling, a priority in post-op care. Prosthesis comes later, post-healing. PCA teaching avoids rigid timing PRN's key. Forcing incision checks risks distress, not healing. Nurses lock in this bracelet, safeguarding lymph flow, a must-do in this surgical aftermath to dodge chronic arm woes.

The nurse is caring for a patient with colon cancer who is scheduled for external radiation therapy to the abdomen. Which information obtained by the nurse would indicate a need for patient teaching?

  • A. The patient has a history of dental caries.
  • B. The patient swims several days each week.
  • C. The patient snacks frequently during the day.
  • D. The patient showers each day with mild soap.
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Abdominal radiation fries skin swimming in chlorinated or salt water during treatment risks irritation or infection in that tender zone. Dental caries don't tie in. Snacking might help nutrition, not hurt. Mild soap showers are fine. Nurses in oncology flag this no swimming' protects radiated skin, a teaching must to dodge complications.

You measure the abdominal circumference and the hip circumference of a male patient with hypertension, overweight and recently-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Question: Which values are most likely to be found in this patient?

  • A. Abdomen: 78 cm, hip: 78 cm
  • B. Abdomen: 78 cm, hip: 86 cm
  • C. Abdomen: 102 cm, hip: 90 cm
  • D. Abdomen: 90 cm, hip: 102 cm
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Type 2, hypertension, overweight belly bulges past hips, 102 cm to 90 cm fits metabolic syndrome's apple shape, not slim or reverse. Nurses measure this, a chronic girth clue.

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