Nokea
Which of the following options applies to the accumulation of macrophages in adipose tissue?
- A. This accumulation has been shown in mice but not in humans
- B. This accumulation is negatively correlated with the size of the adipose cells
- C. This accumulation cannot be influenced by weight reduction
- D. None of the options applies
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Macrophages swarm fat in humans big cells pull them, weight loss shrinks the crowd, not mouse-only or stuck. Nurses see this, a chronic inflammation truth.
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Rehabilitation utilises two types of rehabilitation interventions. The goal of the intervention support is to
- A. Maintaining existing abilities
- B. Restoring function
- C. Preventing deterioration and further disability
- D. Maintaining existing abilities while preventing new or further disabilities
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rehab's dual play hold steady, fend off worse blends maintenance and prevention, a chronic balance. Nurses aim here, a full guard.
The nursing instructor explains the difference between normal cells and benign tumor cells. What information does the instructor provide about these cells?
- A. Benign tumors grow through invasion of other tissue.
- B. Benign tumors have lost their cellular regulation from contact inhibition.
- C. Growing in the wrong place or time is typical of benign tumors.
- D. The loss of characteristics of the parent cells is called anaplasia.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Benign tumors are fundamentally different from malignant tumors in their behavior and characteristics. Unlike malignant tumors, which invade surrounding tissues, benign tumors do not grow through invasion but rather through hyperplasia, a controlled increase in cell number. They retain contact inhibition, a regulatory mechanism where normal cells stop dividing when they touch each other, preventing uncontrolled growth. The defining feature of benign tumors is that they consist of cells that are essentially normal but are growing in an inappropriate location or at an incorrect time, such as a lipoma in fatty tissue. Anaplasia, on the other hand, refers to the loss of differentiation and is a hallmark of malignant cancer cells, not benign ones. Thus, the instructor would emphasize that benign tumors are misplaced normal cells, making this the accurate statement. This distinction is critical for nursing students to understand, as it impacts diagnosis, treatment decisions, and patient education regarding the non-threatening nature of benign tumors compared to cancerous growths.
The nurse receives an order to infuse heparin 1200 units/hr IV. The IV bag contains 25,000 units heparin in 500 mL D5W. Calculate the IV rate in mL/hr.
- A. 20
- B. 24
- C. 28
- D. 30
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heparin's drip: 1200 units/hr from 25,000 units in 500 mL 500 ÷ 25,000 = 0.02 mL/unit, times 1200 = 24 mL/hr, a nurse's calc to thin blood right. Off numbers (20, 28, 30) skew dosing. Precision keeps clots at bay, a steady flow in this IV dance.
In order to reduce cardiovascular, renal and all-cause mortality, the American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) has set the definition of hypertension as a BP of X in 2017. What is X?
- A. 120/70 mmHg
- B. 125/75 mmHg
- C. 130/80 mmHg
- D. 135/85 mmHg
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hypertension's threshold shifted in 2017 when the AHA and ACC pegged it at 130/80 mmHg, aiming to catch cardiovascular and renal risks earlier, slashing mortality via tighter control. Lower cutoffs like 120/70 or 125/75 flag normal or elevated, not yet disease. Higher ones 135/85 or 140/90 stick to older, laxer standards, missing early intervention's benefit. This pivot reflects evidence tying 130/80 to doubled event risk versus <120, pushing clinicians to act sooner with lifestyle or meds, a proactive stance in chronic disease's long game.
An intra-venous drug user with endocarditis has a TOE and multiple blood cultures taken. He is most likely to have:
- A. tricuspid valve involvement and s.aureus on blood culture
- B. tricuspid valve involvement and enterococci on blood culture
- C. mitral valve involvement and mixed growth on blood culture
- D. tricuspid valve involvement and candida on blood culture
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IVDU endocarditis tricuspid flops, Staph aureus spikes, not enterococci, mixed, candida, or blanks. Nurses hear this chronic junkie beat.