Nokea
The challenges faced in insulin therapy includes the following EXCEPT:
- A. Needle phobia
- B. Competence - Diabetes numeracy
- C. Dexterity
- D. All burden
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin hurdles fear, math, shaky hands, life jolts; all burden' isn't a thing, just a mash-up. Nurses tackle these chronic snags, not vague catch-alls.
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Which of the following statements regarding weight regulation is FALSE?
- A. Functional MRI (fMRI) studies have shown overactivation of reward-encoding brain regions and/or deficiency in cortical inhibitory networks in obese people
- B. The homeostatic weight regulation circuitry centres around the corticolimbic structures of the brain
- C. Liking and wanting of food are subconscious processes
- D. The reward system of weight regulation is nonhomeostatic in nature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight regulation involves homeostatic (hypothalamic) and nonhomeostatic (reward-driven) systems. fMRI studies showing reward region overactivation in obesity, subconscious liking/wanting, and the reward system's nonhomeostatic nature are true. However, homeostatic regulation centers on the hypothalamus, not corticolimbic structures (involved in reward/emotion), making this false. Understanding this distinction aids physicians in addressing both physiological and behavioral drivers in chronic obesity management.
Which is NOT the main pharmacological activity of Chinese goldenseal (Coptis chinensis) used as a therapy for diabetes?
- A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition
- B. Anti-inflammation
- C. Anti-atherosclerosis
- D. Protective effects on vascular endothelial function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chinese goldenseal's diabetes gig alpha-glucosidase block slows sugar, anti-atherosclerosis and endothelial protection guard vessels, all core. Anti-inflammation's a sidekick, not the lead less about sugar control, more general. Clinicians lean on the trio, a chronic herbal angle.
Pulmonary rehabilitation is one of the most effective interventions in the management of COPD. The primary goals of this program are to:
- A. Ensure the patient eats appropriately, takes their medication as prescribed and exercises every day.
- B. Involve the patient in the multidisciplinary team and knows how to manage their condition.
- C. Reduce symptoms, improved QOL, increase physical and emotional participation in everyday life.
- D. Prevent deterioration, avoid hospitalisation and support the carers.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is a cornerstone COPD intervention, emphasizing functional improvement over mere compliance. Ensuring diet, medication, and daily exercise is supportive but not PR's primary aim it's too prescriptive. Involving patients in teams and self-management is valuable, but PR's core is outcome-driven: reducing dyspnea, enhancing quality of life (QOL), and boosting physical/emotional engagement in daily activities via exercise, education, and psychosocial support. Preventing deterioration and hospitalization are benefits, not goals PR doesn't directly support carers. Evidence (e.g., GOLD guidelines) highlights PR's efficacy in symptom relief (e.g., breathlessness), QOL gains (e.g., St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire), and participation (e.g., 6-minute walk test), per multidisciplinary programs outlined in chronic care texts, making it a holistic, patient-centered strategy beyond disease containment.
Erysipelas
- A. responds to erythromycin
- B. is caused strep pneumoniae
- C. results from microorganism exotoxin production
- D. typically occurs on the neck
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erysipelas erythro clears strep pyogenes, not pneumo, toxins, neck-only, or TEN's peel. Nurses dose this chronic red edge.
Which of the following basic principles do NOT belong to motivational interviewing?
- A. To confront irrationality
- B. To avoid discussion
- C. To help resolve ambivalence
- D. To be empathic
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: MI skips confrontation empathy, ambivalence aid, no fights, discussion flows. Nurses dodge this, a chronic soft touch.