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Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory response of the vascular walls to endothelial injury. During the progression of these lesions, interaction occurs between various factors. Question: Which cells do NOT play a role in this process?
- A. Epithelial cells
- B. Lipoproteins
- C. Macrophages
- D. T-lymphocytes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Atherosclerosis macrophages, T-cells, lipoproteins clog, not epithelial outsiders. Nurses track this, a chronic vessel crew.
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The nurse is caring for a patient with colon cancer who is scheduled for external radiation therapy to the abdomen. Which information obtained by the nurse would indicate a need for patient teaching?
- A. The patient has a history of dental caries.
- B. The patient swims several days each week.
- C. The patient snacks frequently during the day.
- D. The patient showers each day with mild soap.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Abdominal radiation fries skin swimming in chlorinated or salt water during treatment risks irritation or infection in that tender zone. Dental caries don't tie in. Snacking might help nutrition, not hurt. Mild soap showers are fine. Nurses in oncology flag this no swimming' protects radiated skin, a teaching must to dodge complications.
A nurse is assessing a female client who is taking progestins. What assessment finding requires the nurse to notify the provider immediately?
- A. Irregular menses
- B. Edema in the lower extremities
- C. Ongoing breast tenderness
- D. Red, warm, swollen calf
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Progestins, used in some cancer treatments (e.g., endometrial cancer), increase thromboembolism risk due to their hormonal effects on clotting factors. A red, warm, swollen calf suggests deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a medical emergency requiring immediate provider notification to prevent pulmonary embolism. Irregular menses, edema, and breast tenderness are common side effects of progestins, manageable with monitoring or symptomatic relief, and don't pose the same urgency. DVT's potential to escalate rapidly into a life-threatening condition prioritizes it over other findings. The nurse's prompt reporting ensures timely imaging (e.g., ultrasound) and anticoagulation therapy, aligning with oncology nursing's focus on vigilant complication detection in hormonally treated clients.
An oncology patient has begun to experience skin reactions to radiation therapy, prompting the nurse to make the diagnosis Impaired Skin Integrity: erythematous reaction to radiation therapy. What intervention best addresses this nursing diagnosis?
- A. Apply an ice pack or heating pad PRN to relieve pain and pruritis
- B. Avoid skin contact with water whenever possible
- C. Apply phototherapy PRN
- D. Avoid rubbing or scratching the affected area
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Radiation erythema's tender rubbing or scratching tears it open, risking infection. Ice or heat burns it worse; water's fine for gentle cleaning, not avoidance. Phototherapy's for jaundice, not this. Nurses push hands off' to protect radiated skin, a staple in oncology to heal without added damage.
Rehabilitation utilises two types of rehabilitation interventions. The goal of the intervention support is to
- A. Maintaining existing abilities
- B. Restoring function
- C. Preventing deterioration and further disability
- D. Maintaining existing abilities while preventing new or further disabilities
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rehab's dual play hold steady, fend off worse blends maintenance and prevention, a chronic balance. Nurses aim here, a full guard.
About special considerations in the management of hypertension in older patients, which of the following is the correct answer?
- A. Systolic hypertension - DBP should be <70 mmHg
- B. Dementia - Target SBP should not be <150/90 mmHg
- C. Care home residents - SBP <130 mmHg
- D. Frailty - Target BP not <140/90 mmHg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frail elders BP >140/90 guards perfusion; systolic, dementia, care home tweaks misfire. Nurses ease this chronic frail line.