Nokea
About special considerations in the management of hypertension in older patients, which of the following is the correct answer?
- A. Systolic hypertension - DBP should be <70 mmHg
- B. Dementia - Target SBP should not be <150/90 mmHg
- C. Care home residents - SBP <130 mmHg
- D. Frailty - Target BP not <140/90 mmHg
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frail elders BP >140/90 guards perfusion; systolic, dementia, care home tweaks misfire. Nurses ease this chronic frail line.
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How do oxygen radicals react with different molecules?
- A. By accepting an electron
- B. By donating an electron
- C. By accepting a proton
- D. By donating a proton
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oxygen radicals grab electrons unpaired, they steal, wrecking cells, not giving or juggling protons. A chronic chaos starter nurses know this chemistry bite.
Which organism is most commonly responsible for travelers diarrhea?
- A. toxigenic strain of e coli
- B. clostridium difficile
- C. salmonella
- D. rotavirus
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Travelers' trots E. coli's toxigenic strain leads, not C. diff, salmonella, rotavirus, or cholera's flood. Nurses peg this chronic globe-trotter.
Which of the following is the most common assessment finding related to autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura?
- A. A reddish-purple fine petechial rash
- B. Confusion in the elderly
- C. Fever greater than 102.0 degrees F
- D. Extreme fatigue
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) trashes platelets via antibodies petechiae, tiny reddish-purple spots, bloom from capillary bleeds, the most frequent sign. Confusion, fever, or fatigue might tag along in severe cases or infection, but petechiae's visibility and link to low platelets (below 100,000) make it dominant. Nurses spot this rash, tying it to ITP's core, guiding steroids or IVIG to halt this autoimmune bleed risk.
Which is NOT the main pharmacological activity of Chinese goldenseal (Coptis chinensis) used as a therapy for diabetes?
- A. Alpha-glucosidase inhibition
- B. Anti-inflammation
- C. Anti-atherosclerosis
- D. Protective effects on vascular endothelial function
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chinese goldenseal's diabetes gig alpha-glucosidase block slows sugar, anti-atherosclerosis and endothelial protection guard vessels, all core. Anti-inflammation's a sidekick, not the lead less about sugar control, more general. Clinicians lean on the trio, a chronic herbal angle.
What is the highest likelihood that a doctor acquires HIV from a needlestick injury from an HIV pt?
- A. 0.30%
- B. 2%
- C. 5%
- D. 10%
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HIV needlestick 0.3% odds, not 2-30's wild leaps. Nurses glove up, a chronic prick stat.