Nokea
The nurse receives an order to infuse heparin 1200 units/hr IV. The IV bag contains 25,000 units heparin in 500 mL D5W. Calculate the IV rate in mL/hr.
- A. 20
- B. 24
- C. 28
- D. 30
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Heparin's drip: 1200 units/hr from 25,000 units in 500 mL 500 ÷ 25,000 = 0.02 mL/unit, times 1200 = 24 mL/hr, a nurse's calc to thin blood right. Off numbers (20, 28, 30) skew dosing. Precision keeps clots at bay, a steady flow in this IV dance.
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Which of the following clients is most at risk for developing endocarditis?
- A. A client who recently had a valve replacement and had dental work recently performed
- B. A client who recently underwent a valve replacement
- C. A client with Marfan's syndrome
- D. A client recently diagnosed with mitral stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Endocarditis loves damaged valves and bacteremia recent valve replacement plus dental work (a bacterial gateway) spikes risk, as prosthetic valves are prime targets post-procedure. Valve replacement alone risks less without a trigger. Marfan's or mitral stenosis predispose, but lack acute catalysts like dental work. Nurses flag this combo surgery and oral breach anticipating prophylaxis or monitoring, a top risk in endocarditis's infectious playbook.
Which action should the nurse take when caring for a patient who is receiving chemotherapy and complains of problems with concentration?
- A. Teach the patient to rest the brain by avoiding new activities.
- B. Teach that 'chemo-brain' is a short-term effect of chemotherapy.
- C. Report patient symptoms immediately to the health care provider.
- D. Suggest use of a daily planner and encourage adequate rest and sleep.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Chemo-brain foggy focus is common; planners and rest help manage, not cure. Resting fully stalls life; it's not always short-term can linger. No emergency it's expected. Nurses in oncology offer this tools and sleep ease the mental muck, supporting function.
The emergency management of the patient with acute asthma does not include:
- A. Performing a rapid physical examination
- B. Performing spirometry or peak flow on arrival
- C. Giving oxygen and short acting bronchodilator
- D. Close monitoring to determine efficacy of treatment and improvement or deterioration
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Acute asthma's rush exam, O2, bronchodilators, tight watch saves breath fast. Spirometry's a no too tough mid-wheeze, delays care. Nurses skip it, a chronic flare's urgent dodge.
One of the features of type 2 diabetes mellitus is the abnormally increased blood glucose values after meals. Question: What causes this abnormal rise of postprandial blood glucose?
- A. Insufficient glucose uptake in the liver due a shortage of Glut-2 transporters
- B. Insufficient glucose uptake in muscle tissue due to a defect in the Glut-4 transporters
- C. Insufficient glucose uptake in adipose tissue due to a defect in the intracellular insulin signal cascade
- D. Insufficient glucose uptake in muscle tissue due to a defect in the intracellular insulin signal cascade
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type 2's post-meal spike muscle's insulin signal jams, Glut-4 stalls, glucose piles up. Liver's Glut-2's fine, fat's minor, muscle's the big miss nurses peg this resistance core, a chronic uptake bust.
A 60 year old lady presents with a skin tear to her left shin on her coffee table. She is unsure of her previous immunization status. How should this be managed?
- A. ADT only
- B. ADT plus immunoglobulin
- C. Immunoglobulin only
- D. Neither
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Skin tear, unknown shots ADT boosts, no Ig needed for clean cuts, antibiotics if dirty. Nurses jab this chronic tetanus shield solo.