Questions About Chronic Diseases

Questions About Chronic Diseases Related

Review Questions About Chronic Diseases related questions and content

The nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child with leukemia who is having an oncological emergency. Which of the following signs and symptoms would indicate hyperleukocytosis?

  • A. Bradycardia and distinct S1 and S2 sounds
  • B. Wheezing and diminished breath sounds
  • C. Respiratory distress and poor tissue perfusion
  • D. Intermittent fever and frequent vomiting
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Hyperleukocytosis, a leukemia emergency with white blood cell counts over 100,000/mm³, causes blood hyperviscosity, leading to venous stasis and microvessel occlusion by blast cells. This results in respiratory distress (from lung infarction or hypoxemia) and poor tissue perfusion (from impaired circulation), critical signs requiring urgent intervention like leukapheresis or hydration. Bradycardia and clear heart sounds don't fit tachycardia might occur from hypoxia, not bradycardia. Wheezing and diminished breath sounds suggest asthma or infection, not hyperleukocytosis's systemic impact. Fever and vomiting are non-specific and less acute here. Nurses recognizing these symptoms prioritize airway and circulation support, aligning with oncology's focus on rapid response to life-threatening complications in pediatric leukemia care.

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How many times more likely is a patient with diabetes to die from a cardiovascular condition compared with a patient without diabetes?

  • A. 2-4x
  • B. 8-10x
  • C. 20-25x
  • D. 40-50x
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Diabetes doubles, quadruples CV death vessels rot, not wild leaps. Nurses brace for this, a chronic heart toll.

In monitoring patients who are at risk for spinal cord compression related to tumor growth, what is the most likely early manifestation?

  • A. Sudden-onset back pain
  • B. Motor loss
  • C. Constipation
  • D. Urinary hesitancy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Spinal cord compression from tumors often starts with sudden back pain 95% of cases due to vertebral pressure or nerve irritation, an early red flag demanding urgent imaging and intervention to prevent paralysis. Motor loss, like weakness, emerges later as nerves compress further. Constipation and urinary hesitancy signal advanced autonomic involvement, not initial signs. Pain's prevalence and timing make it the nurse's focus catching it early triggers steroids or surgery, halting progression in cancer patients where spinal integrity dictates function and survival, a critical monitoring priority.

A female client is being treated for a deep-vein thrombus she developed post-operatively about one week ago and was treated with unfractionated heparin. Today she presents to the clinic with petechiae on bilateral hands and feet. Laboratory results show a platelet count of 42,000/mm³. The nurse is concerned about a drug reaction and anticipates the client has which of the following?

  • A. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
  • B. Hemophilia A (classic hemophilia)
  • C. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
  • D. Sickle cell crisis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Heparin can backfire petechiae and a platelet plunge to 42,000/mm³ post-DVT treatment scream HIT, an immune reaction trashing platelets, risking clots. Hemophilia's genetic, not drug-tied. TTP adds fever, neuro signs absent here. Sickle crisis pains, not bleeds like this. Nurses suspect HIT, anticipating heparin cessation and alternatives, a twist in this anticoagulation tale.

Which of the following assessment findings are consistent with aortic stenosis?

  • A. Systolic click
  • B. Pitting edema
  • C. Harsh systolic crescendo decrescendo murmur
  • D. Atrial fibrillation
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Aortic stenosis narrows the valve, obstructing outflow producing a harsh systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur, loudest at the aortic area, a classic sign from turbulent flow. Systolic clicks tie to mitral prolapse, not stenosis. Pitting edema reflects heart failure, a late complication, not direct. Atrial fibrillation may coexist but isn't specific. Nurses expect this murmur, auscultating for its distinct pattern, key to spotting stenosis early, guiding diagnostics like echocardiography to prevent progression to failure.

Which nursing action should be included in the plan of care for a client returning to the surgical unit following a left modified radical mastectomy with dissection of axillary lymph nodes?

  • A. Obtain permanent breast prosthesis before the patient is discharged from the hospital
  • B. Teach the patient to use the ordered patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) every 10 minutes
  • C. Place a pink bracelet on the client warning against venipunctures or blood pressures in the left arm
  • D. Insist that the patient examine the surgical incision when the initial dressings are removed
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Mastectomy with axillary dissection risks lymphedema a pink bracelet flags the left arm, barring venipuncture or BP cuffs to prevent swelling, a priority in post-op care. Prosthesis comes later, post-healing. PCA teaching avoids rigid timing PRN's key. Forcing incision checks risks distress, not healing. Nurses lock in this bracelet, safeguarding lymph flow, a must-do in this surgical aftermath to dodge chronic arm woes.

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