Nokea
Which drug undergoes extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism?
- A. Heparin
- B. Insulin
- C. Propranolol
- D. Nitroglycerin
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Propranolol undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism in the liver. When administered orally, propranolol is extensively metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation, leading to reduced bioavailability. This process is known as first-pass hepatic metabolism, which significantly affects the drug's effectiveness and necessitates higher oral doses compared to other routes of administration.
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Which of the following is the antidote for Heparin?
- A. Protamine sulfate
- B. Vitamin K
- C. Naloxone
- D. Toradol
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for Heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clotting. Protamine sulfate works by binding to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Vitamin K is not the antidote for Heparin; it is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, another type of anticoagulant. Naloxone is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioids, and Toradol is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain relief.
A client has a prescription for hydrochlorothiazide to treat hypertension. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The toddler refuses to take his oral medication. What is the best suggestion to the mother from the nurse for ensuring the toddler receives his medication?
- A. Tell him you will buy him a toy if he takes the medication
- B. Crush the tablet and mix it with a small amount of jam
- C. Crush the tablet and mix it with milk
- D. Tell him he will be punished if he does not take the medicine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Toddlers (1-3) resist meds-crushing a tablet (if safe) and mixing with jam masks taste, easing intake, per developmental needs. Bribery with toys may not work long-term. Milk risks interactions (e.g., tetracycline) or dilution. Punishment distresses, not helps. Jam leverages taste preference, ensuring delivery.
When teaching a client with a new prescription for Lithium, which instruction should the nurse include?
- A. Restrict fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day.
- B. Maintain a consistent sodium intake.
- C. Take the medication at bedtime.
- D. Expect to have frequent headaches.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Which drug type used to treat depression works by preventing enzymatic destruction of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine?
- A. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
- B. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
- C. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
- D. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.