Nokea
How many words does a typical 12-month-old infant use?
- A. About 12 words
- B. Twenty or more words
- C. About 50 words
- D. Two, plus 'mama' and 'papa'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A typical 12-month-old infant typically uses very few words, with 'mama' and 'papa' being common early words. At this age, most infants are still in the early stages of language development, and their vocabulary is limited. Choices A, B, and C suggest higher word counts which are not typical for infants at this age.
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You are teaching your clients the difference between Type I (IDDM) and Type II (NDDM) diabetes. Which of the following statements is true?
- A. Both types of diabetes mellitus clients are prone to developing ketosis.
- B. Type II (NIDDM) is more common and preventable compared to Type I (IDDM) diabetes, which is genetic.
- C. Type I (IIDM) is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia.
- D. Type II (NIDDM) is characterized by abnormal immune response.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Type II diabetes (NIDDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and a relative lack of insulin. It is not primarily characterized by an abnormal immune response. Option A is incorrect because only Type I diabetes clients are prone to developing ketosis due to a lack of insulin. Option B is incorrect because while Type II diabetes is more common and often preventable through lifestyle changes, it is not solely genetic. Option C is incorrect because Type I diabetes, not Type II, is characterized by fasting hyperglycemia due to an absolute lack of insulin production.
During the first 24 hours after the thermal injury, you should assess Sergio for:
- A. hypokalemia and hypernatremia
- B. hypokalemia and hyponatremia
- C. hyperkalemia and hyponatremia
- D. hyperkalemia and hypernatremia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: During the initial phase after a thermal injury, the major concern is the release of potassium due to cell damage, leading to hyperkalemia. Hypernatremia is not typically a primary concern in the immediate post-injury phase. Hyponatremia is less likely to occur initially after a burn injury. Therefore, the correct assessment for Sergio during the first 24 hours after the thermal injury would be hyperkalemia and hypernatremia.
Which physiologic effect should the nurse expect in a client addicted to hallucinogens?
- A. Dilated pupils
- B. Constricted pupils
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Bradypnea
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clients addicted to hallucinogens often exhibit constricted pupils due to the effects of the drug on the sympathetic nervous system. This sympathetic stimulation causes the pupils to constrict rather than dilate. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Dilated pupils are more commonly associated with stimulant use, while bradycardia (slow heart rate) and bradypnea (slow breathing) are not typical effects of hallucinogens.
A client with celiac disease should avoid which of the following?
- A. Quinoa
- B. Barley
- C. Rice
- D. Oats
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Barley. Barley contains gluten, which is harmful to individuals with celiac disease. Gluten triggers an immune response in people with celiac disease, damaging the lining of the small intestine. Choices A, C, and D (Quinoa, Rice, and Oats) are gluten-free and safe for individuals with celiac disease to consume.
Which symptoms are associated with cancer of the colon?
- A. constipation, ascites, and mucus in the stool
- B. diarrhea, heartburn, and eructation
- C. blood in the stools, anemia, and 'pencil-shaped' stools
- D. anorexia, hematemesis, and increased peristalsis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct symptoms associated with cancer of the colon are blood in the stools, anemia, and 'pencil-shaped' stools. These symptoms are classic indicators of colorectal cancer. Choices A, B, and D do not typically present in colorectal cancer. Constipation, ascites, and mucus in the stool are more commonly associated with other gastrointestinal conditions. Diarrhea, heartburn, and eructation are not typical symptoms of colon cancer. Anorexia, hematemesis, and increased peristalsis are more indicative of other gastrointestinal issues and not specific to colon cancer.