Nokea
A nurse is caring for a client who is at 36 weeks of gestation and has suspected placenta previa. For which of the following findings should the nurse monitor the client?
- A. Intermittent abdominal pain following passage of bloody mucus.
- B. Abdominal pain with minimal red vaginal bleeding.
- C. A large amount of bright red vaginal bleeding without pain.
- D. Severe abdominal pain with increasing fundal height.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Placenta previa typically causes painless, bright red vaginal bleeding due to the placenta covering the cervix. Painful bleeding or increasing fundal height suggest other conditions like abruptio placentae or uterine rupture.
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What causes congenital hip dysplasia?
- A. Using illicit drugs
- B. Unknown
- C. Being in nursing school
- D. Drinking too much.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cause of congenital hip dysplasia is unknown, though genetic and environmental factors (e.g., breech position) contribute. Drugs, alcohol, or nursing school are unrelated.
What is a sign that a newborn may be at risk for meconium aspiration syndrome?
- A. Asymmetrical breathing
- B. Born before 38 weeks gestation
- C. Yellow-green staining on the umbilical cord
- D. Acrocyanosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Yellow-green umbilical cord staining indicates meconium in amniotic fluid, a risk for aspiration. Asymmetrical breathing suggests diaphragmatic hernia, preterm birth relates to RDS, and acrocyanosis is normal.
A nurse is explaining TTN to the newborn's mother. Which statement indicates that the mother understands the teaching?
- A. My baby might be in the NICU for 2 weeks.
- B. This breathing problem might have happened because I had a cesarean birth.
- C. I cannot breastfeed my baby while he is breathing so fast.
- D. My baby will probably go home on oxygen therapy.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: TTN is linked to cesarean births due to delayed lung fluid clearance, resolving in days. NICU stays are short, breastfeeding is possible unless severe, and oxygen therapy at home is rare.
A nurse is collecting data from a newborn who has respiratory distress syndrome and is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which of the following risk factors predisposes the newborn to respiratory difficulties?
- A. Small for gestational age.
- B. Maternal history of asthma.
- C. Ventricular septal defect.
- D. Cesarean birth.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Small for gestational age newborns have immature lungs with less surfactant, increasing the risk of respiratory distress syndrome and acidosis. Maternal asthma, ventricular septal defects, and cesarean birth are not direct risk factors for RDS, though they may cause other complications.
What are possible complications of prematurity in babies? Select all that apply.
- A. Cerebral palsy
- B. Color blindness
- C. Learning disabilities
- D. Retinopathy
- E. Apnea
Correct Answer: A,C,D,E
Rationale: Prematurity increases risks of cerebral palsy (brain damage), learning disabilities (developmental delays), retinopathy (abnormal retinal blood vessels), and apnea (immature respiratory control). Color blindness is typically genetic, not related to prematurity.