Nokea
The immune response is the combined work of specialized cells that neutralize or destroy __________ in the body.
- A. T cells
- B. B cells
- C. telomeres
- D. antigens
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D, antigens. Antigens are substances recognized by the immune system as foreign, triggering an immune response to neutralize or destroy them. In this context, T cells and B cells are specialized cells of the immune system that respond to antigens, but they are not the substances being neutralized or destroyed. Telomeres, on the other hand, are protective structures at the end of chromosomes and are not targeted for neutralization or destruction by the immune system.
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The information-processing perspective __________.
- A. examines separate aspects of thinking
- B. fails to consider biological influences on cognitive development
- C. applies only to children in cultures having formal schooling
- D. focuses on overall cognitive change
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The information-processing perspective focuses on how individuals process, store, and retrieve information. Choice A, 'examines separate aspects of thinking,' accurately reflects this perspective. The other choices are incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because the information-processing perspective does consider biological influences on cognitive development. Choice C is incorrect as this perspective is not limited to children in cultures with formal schooling. Choice D is incorrect as the information-processing perspective does not focus on overall cognitive change, but rather on the specific processes involved in information processing.
Erikson believed that successful resolution of intimacy versus isolation prepares the individual for the middle adulthood stage, which focuses on __________.
- A. initiative
- B. autonomy
- C. generativity
- D. industry
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Erikson's theory of psychosocial development highlights generativity as the central focus of middle adulthood. Generativity involves being productive, caring for others, and contributing to society. This stage is characterized by a desire to leave a lasting impact on future generations. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Initiative is associated with the preschool years, autonomy with early childhood, and industry with middle childhood according to Erikson's stages of development.
Breastfeeding for just a few weeks ________.
- A. is a rare practice among American women
- B. leads directly to later obesity
- C. is not helpful because, in the beginning, breastfeeding causes constipation
- D. offers some protection against respiratory and intestinal infections
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Breastfeeding for even a short period offers infants protection against respiratory and intestinal infections. Choice A is incorrect because breastfeeding is not a rare practice among American women. Choice B is incorrect as there is no direct link between breastfeeding for a few weeks and later obesity. Choice C is incorrect as breastfeeding does not cause constipation in infants; in fact, it can help prevent constipation.
In females, the twenty-third pair of chromosomes is labeled as __________.
- A. an autosome
- B. dizygotic
- C. XX
- D. XY
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In females, the twenty-third pair of chromosomes is indeed labeled as XX. This pair of chromosomes determines the biological sex of females. Choice A, 'an autosome,' is incorrect as autosomes refer to the non-sex chromosomes. Choice B, 'dizygotic,' is incorrect as it relates to twins. Choice D, 'XY,' is incorrect as it represents the chromosome pair found in males.
In the information-processing system, where does information first enter?
- A. central executive
- B. short-term memory store
- C. sensory register
- D. long-term memory store
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the information-processing system, information first enters the sensory register. This is where sensory information from the environment is briefly stored before being processed further. The central executive is responsible for coordinating cognitive processes, the short-term memory store holds information temporarily for immediate tasks, and the long-term memory store stores information for long periods, but the sensory register is the initial entry point for incoming information.