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A client who is hospitalized with anorexia nervosa states during a one-to-one session with the nurse, 'I'm freaking out. I'm losing it.' Which nurse response would be most therapeutic at this time?
- A. Would you feel better if I called your parents?'
- B. Just sit here and relax and maintain control.'
- C. Let me sit with you for a while.'
- D. Tell me what thoughts are going through your head.'
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it encourages the client to express their thoughts and feelings, aiding in the therapeutic process. This response promotes open communication and allows the nurse to assess the client's mental state. Choice A may not address the client's immediate distress and could potentially escalate anxiety. Choice B dismisses the client's feelings and does not address the issue. Choice C offers support but does not actively encourage the client to verbalize their thoughts, which is crucial in addressing underlying issues.
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A client with a personality disorder asks the nurse, 'Is it true I have an inherited brain disorder?' The nurse replies, knowing that:
- A. There is proof that personality disorders are inherited
- B. All persons with personality disorders display brain abnormalities
- C. Individuals with personality disorders show an error in brain glucose metabolism
- D. Individuals with personality disorders manifest some biological markers
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
D is correct because individuals with personality disorders can manifest biological markers indicating a potential biological basis for the disorder. This does not imply that all individuals with personality disorders display brain abnormalities (B), have errors in brain glucose metabolism (C), or that there is definitive proof of inheritance (A). Biological markers suggest a potential biological component but do not guarantee inheritance or specific brain abnormalities.
The nurse who assesses a patient previously diagnosed as having paranoid personality disorder is most likely to describe the patient as:
- A. superficially charming.
- B. intense and impulsive.
- C. guarded and distant.
- D. friendly and open.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: guarded and distant. This is because individuals with paranoid personality disorder typically exhibit suspiciousness, mistrust, and a reluctance to confide in others. They tend to be hypervigilant and wary of others, leading them to appear guarded and distant.
A: Superficially charming is incorrect because individuals with paranoid personality disorder are more likely to be cautious and suspicious rather than charming.
B: Intense and impulsive is incorrect as this description is more characteristic of individuals with borderline personality disorder, not paranoid personality disorder.
D: Friendly and open is incorrect because individuals with paranoid personality disorder are more likely to be reserved and cautious in their interactions.
In summary, the correct answer is C because individuals with paranoid personality disorder typically exhibit guarded and distant behavior due to their suspicious and mistrustful nature.
It is a primary dementia that is incurable, irreversible, and fatal. It is caused by the accumulation of amyloid protein in the neurons, resulting in senile plaques.
- A. Alzheimer's disease.
- B. Frontotemporal dementia.
- C. Parkinson's disease dementia.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease is a primary dementia that is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid protein in neurons, leading to senile plaques. It is incurable, irreversible, and fatal. Frontotemporal dementia (B) is caused by the degeneration of frontal and temporal lobes, not amyloid protein accumulation. Parkinson's disease dementia (C) is a secondary dementia that occurs as a complication of Parkinson's disease, not due to amyloid protein accumulation. Choice D is incorrect as Alzheimer's disease fits all the criteria mentioned in the question.
For which behavior(s) would limit setting be most essential?
- A. A patient clings to the nurse and asks for advice about inconsequential matters.
- B. A woman is flirtatious and provocative toward staff members of the opposite sex.
- C. An elderly man displays hypervigilance and refuses to attend unit activities.
- D. A young woman urges a suspicious patient to hit anyone who stares at him.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it involves a behavior that is potentially harmful and puts others at risk. Setting limits is essential to prevent violence and protect both the patient and others. A: Clinging behavior is not inherently harmful. B: Flirtatious behavior, while inappropriate, does not pose a direct threat. C: Hypervigilance and refusal to attend activities may indicate underlying issues but do not require immediate limit setting for safety.
Behaviorists would say that self-defeating behaviors are maintained by immediate reinforcement in the form of
- A. relief from anxiety
- B. defending the ego
- C. protecting one's self-image
- D. avoiding existential anxiety
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Behaviorists argue self-defeating actions persist because they provide short-term anxiety relief.