Nokea
The intervention of highest priority for a client with stage 3 Alzheimer's disease is to:
- A. Provide a stimulating environment
- B. Maintain hydration and nutrition
- C. Set limits on behavioral disinhibition
- D. Promote self-care activities
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because maintaining hydration and nutrition is crucial for the client's overall well-being and health in stage 3 Alzheimer's. Dehydration and malnutrition can lead to serious complications. Providing a stimulating environment (choice A) may be beneficial but not the highest priority. Setting limits on behavioral disinhibition (choice C) may be challenging due to the progression of the disease. Promoting self-care activities (choice D) may not be feasible as the client's cognitive abilities decline. Maintaining hydration and nutrition is essential for the client's survival and quality of life.
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Which therapy is shown through evidence to be the most effective for a patient with an eating disorder?
- A. Supportive therapy.
- B. Behavioral therapy.
- C. Cognitive behavioral therapy.
- D. Psychoanalytical group therapy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT is the most effective therapy for eating disorders based on research evidence. It helps patients identify and change negative thoughts and behaviors related to food and body image. CBT also teaches coping skills and strategies to manage triggers. Supportive therapy (choice A) offers emotional support but may not target the underlying issues. Behavioral therapy (choice B) focuses on changing specific behaviors but may not address cognitive patterns. Psychoanalytical group therapy (choice D) delves into past experiences but is not as effective as CBT in treating eating disorders.
Select the best comment for a nurse to begin an interview with an elderly patient.
- A. I am a nurse. Are you familiar with what nurses do?
- B. Hello. I am going to ask you some questions to get to know you better.
- C. You look comfortable and ready to participate in an admission interview. Shall we get started?
- D. Hello. My name is_____ and I am a nurse. How you would like to be addressed by staff?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because it establishes the nurse's identity and shows respect by asking the patient's preference for addressing them. This approach sets a positive tone and promotes patient-centered care. Option A is incorrect as it assumes the patient's familiarity with nurses. Option B lacks professionalism and fails to acknowledge the purpose of the interview. Option C assumes the patient's readiness without confirming it directly and may come off as presumptuous.
A nurse would assess for which feature in a patient diagnosed with bulimia nervosa?
- A. Introverted personality traits
- B. Abuse of diuretics and laxatives
- C. Disinterest in sexual activity
- D. Denial of hunger at all times
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because abuse of diuretics and laxatives is a common behavior in individuals with bulimia nervosa to control weight. This behavior is known as purging. Choice A is incorrect as personality traits vary among individuals with bulimia nervosa. Choice C is incorrect as disinterest in sexual activity is not a typical feature of this disorder. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with bulimia nervosa often experience episodes of binge eating, indicating they do experience hunger at times.
A supervisor observes inconsistency in the psychiatric-mental health nurse's behavior toward a patient; the nurse is unreasonably concerned, overly kind, or irrationally hostile. The most appropriate explanation is that the nurse is displaying:
- A. countertransference
- B. empathic resonance
- C. splitting behavior
- D. transference
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Countertransference involves the nurse's emotional reactions to the patient based on personal unconscious feelings, leading to inconsistent behavior.
To help communicate epidemiological trends amongst youth, a family doctor can refer to a typical Secondary School class of 33 students. In explaining to a parent, how many students would you estimate to report clinically significant symptoms of depression in one such class?
- A. 1
- B. 4
- C. 9
- D. 13
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Using 27% , 27% of 33 ≈ 9 students, aligning with depression prevalence estimates in Singapore youth.