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The average time that a person with Alzheimer's disease lives after diagnosis is:
- A. 2 years
- B. 8 years
- C. 10 years
- D. 20 years
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 8 years. Alzheimer's disease typically progresses slowly, with individuals living an average of 8 years after diagnosis. This is due to the degenerative nature of the disease, leading to gradual decline in cognitive function. Choice A (2 years) is too short for Alzheimer's progression. Choice C (10 years) is close but slightly overestimates the average. Choice D (20 years) is too long, as Alzheimer's typically does not allow for such a long survival time post-diagnosis. Therefore, B is the most accurate option based on the typical progression and outcomes of Alzheimer's disease.
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Which intervention would be the best initial approach for a nurse to take when a young adult patient is verbally abusive?
- A. Ask the patient to define 'verbally abusive language.'
- B. Provide the patient with examples of assertive communication.
- C. Identify the patient's verbal abuse in order to set standards for future dialogue.
- D. Remove privileges from the patient until communications show less aggression.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct initial approach is to identify the patient's verbal abuse to set standards for future dialogue. This approach addresses the behavior directly, establishes boundaries, and communicates expectations for respectful communication. Asking the patient to define 'verbally abusive language' (choice A) may not effectively address the current behavior. Providing examples of assertive communication (choice B) may not directly address the abusive behavior. Removing privileges (choice D) may escalate the situation and is not a constructive communication strategy. By identifying the patient's verbal abuse, the nurse can address the behavior effectively and work towards a respectful and therapeutic relationship.
A client being treated for anorexia nervosa is 5 feet 10 inches tall and weighs 100 pounds. The client believes she is overweight. On the days the client is scheduled to be weighed, the nurse should be prepared for the client to:
- A. eagerly ask for information about her present weight.
- B. dress in several layers of clothing.
- C. suggest that the scale numbers be hidden from her view.
- D. remind the nurse that she is ready to be weighed.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B - Dress in several layers of clothing.
Rationale: An individual with anorexia nervosa often engages in behaviors to manipulate their weight, such as wearing heavy clothing to increase their weight on the scale. This behavior is a result of distorted body image and fear of gaining weight. By dressing in several layers of clothing, the client may attempt to influence the scale reading to align with their perceived body image.
Summary of other choices:
A: Eagerly asking for information about her present weight is unlikely as individuals with anorexia nervosa typically avoid discussions or confrontations related to their weight.
C: Suggesting that the scale numbers be hidden is not as likely as the client may want to see the numbers to validate their belief of being overweight.
D: Reminding the nurse that she is ready to be weighed may occur, but it does not address the behavior of dressing in layers to manipulate weight.
A client with moderate to severe dementia does not remember her son's name. The son repeatedly questions the mother when he visits the dementia facility, asking, 'Do you know my name?' The mother invariably becomes agitated. The nurse can most effectively intervene by explaining to the son:
- A. Your mother is angry with you and is punishing you by 'forgetting' who you are. Be patient and she'll get over it.'
- B. I know it is difficult for you, but your mother's dementia is severe and she cannot retain information even for short periods of time. She senses your distress and becomes agitated.'
- C. Although it's a strain for you, you will need to reorient your mother as often as you can, during the time you are with her. With repetition, she may be able to understand and recall what you are saying.'
- D. Because you become so distressed, it might be better if you come to see your mother only once a week and stay for only a short time.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Correct Answer (B): Explains the son's mother's inability to retain information due to severe dementia, causing agitation. Validates son's feelings and provides insight into the mother's behavior.
2. Incorrect Answer (A): Falsely suggests the mother is punishing the son by forgetting, potentially causing misunderstanding and blame.
3. Incorrect Answer (C): Implies the son should solely focus on reorienting the mother, overlooking the emotional impact and distress caused by repetitive questioning.
4. Incorrect Answer (D): Suggests limiting visits based on the son's distress, rather than addressing the root cause of agitation caused by the mother's dementia.
The first step in the treatment of sleep disorders is to:
- A. Teach prevention.
- B. Give hypnotics for sleep.
- C. Evaluate sleeping patterns.
- D. None of the above.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Evaluate sleeping patterns. This is the first step in treating sleep disorders because it helps identify the underlying causes and specific nature of the disorder. By understanding the patterns, triggers, and behaviors related to sleep, healthcare providers can tailor effective treatment plans. Choice A (Teach prevention) is incorrect as evaluation comes before prevention strategies. Choice B (Give hypnotics for sleep) is incorrect as medication should be considered only after thorough evaluation. Choice D (None of the above) is incorrect as evaluating sleeping patterns is crucial for effective treatment.
Which of the following may occur in Expressive Language Disorder?
- A. Limited amount of speech
- B. Difficulty learning new words
- C. Difficulty finding the right word
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Expressive Language Disorder: A specific learning disability in which scores on tests of expressive language development are substantially below those for chronological age, intelligence, and educational level.