Nokea
A nurse is reviewing medication for a patient with a recent myocardial infarction. The physician has prescribed aspirin. What is the primary purpose of this medication in this context?
- A. To alleviate headache
- B. To reduce fever
- C. To act as an antiviral
- D. To prevent further clot formation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The primary purpose of prescribing aspirin for a patient with a recent myocardial infarction is to prevent further clot formation. Aspirin is a common antiplatelet medication that inhibits platelet aggregation, reducing the risk of blood clot formation in the arteries. This is crucial in preventing complications such as further heart attacks or strokes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because aspirin is not primarily used for alleviating headaches, reducing fever, or acting as an antiviral. Therefore, the correct answer is D as it directly addresses the therapeutic goal of preventing clotting in cardiovascular patients.
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A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has asthma and new prescriptions for Albuterol and Atrovent, both by nebulizer. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. If my breathing begins to feel tight, I will use the cromolyn immediately.'
- B. I will be sure to take the albuterol before taking the Atrovent.'
- C. I will administer the medications 10 minutes apart.'
- D. I will use both medications immediately after exercising.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "I will be sure to take the albuterol before taking the Atrovent." This is the correct statement as albuterol is a short-acting bronchodilator that opens the airways quickly, and it should be taken first to help improve breathing. Atrovent is a long-acting bronchodilator that works over a longer period. Taking albuterol first allows for immediate relief, followed by sustained bronchodilation from Atrovent. Option A is incorrect as cromolyn is not mentioned in the scenario. Option C is incorrect as the medications should be taken as prescribed, not 10 minutes apart. Option D is incorrect as medications should be taken based on their specific instructions, not immediately after exercising.
A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who reports taking pseudoephedrine for sinus congestion as needed. The nurse should identify that pseudoephedrine is contraindicated for which of the following client conditions?
- A. Hypertension
- B. Diverticulitis
- C. Migraines
- D. Eczema
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertension. Pseudoephedrine is a sympathomimetic drug that can increase blood pressure by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors, leading to vasoconstriction. In clients with hypertension, this can exacerbate their condition and potentially lead to adverse cardiovascular events. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because pseudoephedrine is not contraindicated for diverticulitis, migraines, or eczema. It is important to consider the client's medical history and potential drug interactions when prescribing pseudoephedrine.
The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with asthma on a medical surgical unit. The nurse is concerned when the patient makes the following statement after completing their Albuterol nebulizer treatment:
- A. I am not ready to eat lunch yet.'
- B. It feels like my heart is racing.'
- C. It is easier to breathe now.'
- D. I can breathe better now.'
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B: It feels like my heart is racing.
Rationale: Albuterol is a bronchodilator that can cause side effects such as increased heart rate (tachycardia) and palpitations. This patient's statement indicates a potential adverse reaction to the medication, which should be monitored and reported to the healthcare provider. It is crucial for the nurse to recognize this symptom as it could indicate a serious reaction that requires prompt intervention.
Summary of other choices:
A: I am not ready to eat lunch yet - This statement does not indicate any immediate concern related to the medication.
C: It is easier to breathe now - This is a positive response to the treatment and does not raise immediate alarm.
D: I can breathe better now - Similar to choice C, this is a positive response to the treatment.
Overall, only choice B raises a red flag regarding a potential adverse reaction to the medication.
The nurse is teaching a patient about the long-term use of Fluticasone. The patient demonstrates understanding when they state:
- A. I will not engage in strenuous activity after taking Fluticasone.
- B. I will eat potassium rich foods now.
- C. I should watch for signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia.
- D. I will not eat for 4 hours after taking Fluticasone.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: I should watch for signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia. Fluticasone, a corticosteroid, can lead to increased blood sugar levels, potentially causing hyperglycemia. Monitoring for signs such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue is crucial for early detection and management. Choice A is incorrect as physical activity is not contraindicated with Fluticasone. Choice B is irrelevant to Fluticasone use. Choice D is incorrect as there is no need to avoid eating after taking Fluticasone.
A nurse is preparing to administer atropine to a patient with symptomatic bradycardia. Which of the following is the primary therapeutic effect of atropine in this scenario?
- A. Vasodilation
- B. Bronchodilation
- C. Increase in heart rate
- D. Diuresis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increase in heart rate. Atropine is a muscarinic antagonist that blocks the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to an increase in heart rate. This effect helps in treating bradycardia by stimulating the heart to beat faster. Vasodilation (A) and bronchodilation (B) are not the primary effects of atropine in this scenario. Diuresis (D) is not a direct effect of atropine on the heart rate. Therefore, the correct choice is C as it directly addresses the bradycardic condition by increasing the heart rate.