Cardiovascular System Practice Exam

Cardiovascular System Practice Exam Related

Review Cardiovascular System Practice Exam related questions and content

During which process does coronary artery blood flow to the myocardium occur during diastole, when coronary vascular resistance is reduced?

  • A. Coronary perfusion pressure
  • B. Coronary vascular resistance
  • C. Diastolic filling
  • D. Ventricular ejection
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary perfusion pressure. Coronary perfusion pressure is the pressure gradient that drives blood flow through the coronary arteries into the myocardium during diastole when the coronary vascular resistance is reduced. This pressure gradient is essential for delivering oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle when it is relaxed and filling with blood. During diastole, the coronary arteries receive blood flow predominantly due to the pressure difference between the aortic diastolic pressure and the pressure in the coronary vasculature.

Summary of why the other choices are incorrect:
B: Coronary vascular resistance - This factor is reduced during diastole, allowing for increased blood flow, but it does not directly drive blood flow to the myocardium.
C: Diastolic filling - This refers to the filling of blood into the ventricles of the heart, not specifically the flow of blood through the coronary arteries.
D: Ventricular ejection - This occurs during systole when the ventricles contract

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Which medication relaxes the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe?

  • A. Bronchodilator
  • B. Corticosteroid
  • C. Antihistamine
  • D. Mucolytic
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Bronchodilator. Bronchodilators work by relaxing the muscles surrounding the airways, leading to airway dilation and improved airflow. This helps in easing breathing difficulties in conditions like asthma and COPD. Corticosteroids (B) reduce inflammation, antihistamines (C) block histamine effects, and mucolytics (D) help in thinning mucus but do not directly relax airway muscles like bronchodilators do.

The nurse is giving a client an IV bolus of heparin. What is the most important nursing action?

  • A. Monitor the client's heart rate.
  • B. Check the client's blood pressure.
  • C. Check for signs of bleeding.
  • D. Monitor the client's respiratory rate.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor the client's heart rate. When administering an IV bolus of heparin, it is crucial to monitor the client's heart rate because heparin can cause serious side effects such as bleeding and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, which can lead to changes in heart rate. Checking blood pressure (B) is also important but not as critical as monitoring heart rate. Checking for signs of bleeding (C) is necessary but should be done after monitoring the heart rate. Monitoring the client's respiratory rate (D) is not directly related to heparin administration.

What is a condition where the airways become inflamed and narrow, making breathing difficult?

  • A. Asthma
  • B. Bronchitis
  • C. Pleurisy
  • D. Tuberculosis
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Asthma is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty in breathing. This is due to various triggers causing the airways to become inflamed, swollen, and produce excess mucus, resulting in constriction and breathing difficulties. Bronchitis, Pleurisy, and Tuberculosis do not directly involve narrowing of the airways as their primary mechanism, making them incorrect choices. Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, Pleurisy is inflammation of the lining around the lungs, and Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection primarily affecting the lungs.

The nurse is giving nitroglycerin sublingually for chest pain. What is the most important instruction to give to the client?

  • A. Place the tablet under the tongue and let it dissolve completely.
  • B. Swallow the tablet whole with a glass of water.
  • C. Chew the tablet and then swallow it.
  • D. Take one tablet every 5 minutes until pain is relieved.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Place the tablet under the tongue and let it dissolve completely. Nitroglycerin is absorbed quickly through the oral mucosa, providing rapid relief for chest pain. Placing it under the tongue allows for direct absorption into the bloodstream. Swallowing the tablet whole (B) would delay absorption. Chewing the tablet (C) would cause rapid absorption and possibly lead to a drop in blood pressure. Taking one tablet every 5 minutes (D) is not recommended as it can lead to hypotension. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate instruction for the client.

In third-degree atrioventricular block, all sinus impulses fail to activate the ventricles. This will be detected by

  • A. A highly variable PR interval
  • B. Regular PP intervals
  • C. A slow heart rate
  • D. Regular RR intervals
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Slow heart rate reflects lack of conduction from atria to ventricles.

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