Nokea
This heart condition is characterized by decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion, which can lead to organ failure.
- A. Cardiogenic shock
- B. Myocardial infarction
- C. Endocarditis
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock is characterized by decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion due to the heart's inability to pump effectively, leading to organ failure. This condition is a result of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction (choice B) is a cause of cardiogenic shock, but not the specific condition described. Endocarditis (choice C) and pericarditis (choice D) do not directly result in decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion leading to organ failure like cardiogenic shock does.
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What is a condition where the heart's ability to pump blood is reduced because the heart muscle is enlarged, thickened, or stiffened?
- A. Cardiomyopathy
- B. Endocarditis
- C. Myocarditis
- D. Aortic stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy refers to a condition where the heart muscle is enlarged, thickened, or stiffened, leading to a reduced ability to pump blood effectively. This condition directly relates to the heart's structural changes, impacting its pumping function. Endocarditis (B) is an infection of the heart's inner lining, not directly related to heart muscle changes. Myocarditis (C) is inflammation of the heart muscle but does not necessarily involve structural changes leading to reduced pumping ability. Aortic stenosis (D) is a condition where the heart's aortic valve is narrowed, impeding blood flow, but it does not specifically refer to the heart muscle changes seen in cardiomyopathy.
The client on digoxin has a potassium level of 2.7 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Hold the digoxin and notify the healthcare provider.
- B. Administer the digoxin as ordered.
- C. Increase the dose of digoxin.
- D. Administer potassium supplements.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold the digoxin and notify the healthcare provider. A potassium level of 2.7 mEq/L is below the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L), which can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity. Holding the digoxin and informing the healthcare provider is crucial to prevent potential harm. Administering the digoxin (choice B) can exacerbate toxicity symptoms. Increasing the dose of digoxin (choice C) is contraindicated due to the low potassium level. Administering potassium supplements (choice D) may be necessary, but the priority is to address the digoxin therapy first.
What procedure involves using a balloon to open a narrowed or blocked blood vessel, often followed by the placement of a stent?
- A. Angioplasty
- B. Valve replacement
- C. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
- D. Endarterectomy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Angioplasty. Angioplasty involves using a balloon to open a narrowed or blocked blood vessel, followed by the placement of a stent to keep the vessel open. This procedure is commonly used to treat conditions like coronary artery disease. Valve replacement (B) involves replacing damaged heart valves, CABG (C) involves bypassing blocked coronary arteries using grafts, and endarterectomy (D) involves removing plaque from arteries, but none of these procedures specifically involve using a balloon and stent to open a narrowed or blocked blood vessel.
Which of the following is a rare but serious condition where the pulmonary arteries become narrowed, increasing the blood pressure in the lungs?
- A. Pulmonary hypertension
- B. Pulmonary embolism
- C. Pulmonary fibrosis
- D. Aortic stenosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pulmonary hypertension. This condition is characterized by narrowing of the pulmonary arteries, leading to increased blood pressure in the lungs. Pulmonary embolism (B) is a blockage in one of the pulmonary arteries, not narrowing. Pulmonary fibrosis (C) involves scarring of lung tissue, not artery narrowing. Aortic stenosis (D) is a narrowing of the aortic valve, not the pulmonary arteries. Therefore, the correct choice is A.
The client is on spironolactone (Aldactone) and has a potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Hold the spironolactone and notify the healthcare provider.
- B. Administer potassium supplements.
- C. Continue the spironolactone as ordered.
- D. Increase the dose of spironolactone.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hold the spironolactone and notify the healthcare provider. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that can cause hyperkalemia. With a potassium level of 5.9 mEq/L, the client is at risk for serious complications like cardiac arrhythmias. The priority action is to stop the medication to prevent further elevation of potassium levels and inform the healthcare provider for further management. Administering potassium supplements (B) would worsen the hyperkalemia. Continuing spironolactone (C) or increasing the dose (D) would be inappropriate and potentially harmful in this situation.