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What is a condition where a blood clot forms in a vein, often in the legs, which can cause pain and swelling and may lead to serious complications if it travels to the lungs?
- A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
- B. Pulmonary embolism
- C. Varicose veins
- D. Aneurysm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, often in the legs. This can cause pain, swelling, and potentially serious complications if the clot dislodges and travels to the lungs, leading to a pulmonary embolism. Varicose veins (C) are enlarged, twisted veins close to the skin's surface, not deep veins. Aneurysm (D) is the ballooning of a blood vessel, not a clot formation. Pulmonary embolism (B) is a complication of DVT, not the initial condition.
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The client on furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases potassium excretion in the urine, leading to low potassium levels (hypokalemia). This can cause muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias. Hypernatremia (B) is high sodium levels, unrelated to furosemide. Hyperkalemia (C) is the opposite of what furosemide causes. Hyponatremia (D) is low sodium levels, not typically associated with furosemide use.
What is the primary BP effect of β-adrenergic blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin)?
- A. Vasodilation of arterioles by blocking movement of calcium into cells
- B. Decrease Na+ and water reabsorption by blocking the effect of aldosterone
- C. Decrease CO by decreasing rate and strength of the heart and renin secretion by the kidneys
- D. Vasodilation caused by inhibiting sympathetic outflow from the central nervous system (CNS)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: β-blockers reduce cardiac workload and renin release.
What is a type of pneumonia that is contracted by inhaling contaminated water droplets?
- A. Legionnaires' disease
- B. Tuberculosis
- C. Asbestosis
- D. Histoplasmosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Legionnaires' disease. Legionnaires' disease is caused by inhaling water droplets contaminated with Legionella bacteria. These bacteria thrive in warm water, such as in air conditioning systems and hot tubs. The symptoms of Legionnaires' disease include high fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
B: Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
C: Asbestosis is a lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos fibers, not contaminated water droplets.
D: Histoplasmosis is a fungal infection caused by inhaling spores found in soil with bird or bat droppings, not contaminated water droplets.
The client is receiving intravenous dopamine. What is the most important nursing assessment?
- A. Monitor heart rate and rhythm
- B. Monitor blood pressure
- C. Monitor respiratory rate
- D. Monitor oxygen saturation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor heart rate and rhythm. Dopamine is a medication that can affect the heart rate and rhythm. Monitoring these parameters is crucial to detect any potential adverse effects such as tachycardia or arrhythmias. Monitoring blood pressure is also important, but assessing heart rate and rhythm takes precedence due to the direct impact of dopamine on cardiac function. Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation are generally not directly affected by dopamine administration.
The client is receiving digoxin and complains of nausea. What is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Check the client's digoxin level.
- B. Continue the current dose of digoxin.
- C. Administer an antiemetic for nausea.
- D. Discontinue the digoxin immediately.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Check the client's digoxin level. The priority action is to assess the digoxin level to determine if it is within the therapeutic range, as nausea can be a sign of digoxin toxicity. Checking the level will guide further actions. Continuing the dose without assessment (B) may worsen toxicity. Administering an antiemetic (C) only addresses the symptom, not the underlying cause. Discontinuing digoxin immediately (D) without assessing the level can be harmful if the client actually needs the medication.