Nokea
What procedure is used to remove fluid from the pleural space to help a patient breathe more easily?
- A. Thoracentesis
- B. Bronchoscopy
- C. Echocardiogram
- D. CT scan
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thoracentesis. This procedure involves inserting a needle or catheter into the pleural space to drain excess fluid, relieving pressure and allowing the patient to breathe more easily. Bronchoscopy (B) is used to visualize the airways, not remove fluid. Echocardiogram (C) is an ultrasound of the heart, not used for pleural fluid drainage. CT scan (D) is an imaging test, not a procedure for fluid removal. Thoracentesis is the appropriate choice for this scenario.
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What condition is characterized by narrowed or blocked arteries in the legs or arms, leading to pain and mobility issues?
- A. Peripheral artery disease
- B. Atherosclerosis
- C. Raynaud's disease
- D. Varicose veins
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Peripheral artery disease (PAD). PAD is characterized by narrowed or blocked arteries in the legs or arms, leading to pain and mobility issues due to reduced blood flow. Atherosclerosis refers to the buildup of plaque in arteries but doesn't specify limbs. Raynaud's disease is a condition affecting blood supply to extremities due to cold or stress, not arterial blockages. Varicose veins involve enlarged, twisted veins, not arterial blockages. Therefore, the correct choice is A as it specifically addresses the narrowed or blocked arteries in limbs causing pain and mobility issues.
What is a condition where the heart muscle becomes thickened without an obvious cause, leading to a reduction in the heart's ability to pump blood?
- A. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- B. Dilated cardiomyopathy
- C. Restrictive cardiomyopathy
- D. Myocarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In this condition, the heart muscle becomes thickened, affecting the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently. This is due to genetic mutations causing the muscle cells to grow abnormally. This leads to poor relaxation and filling of the heart, impairing its pumping function.
B: Dilated cardiomyopathy involves the heart muscle becoming weak and stretched, leading to reduced pumping ability.
C: Restrictive cardiomyopathy involves the heart muscle becoming stiff and rigid, impairing its ability to fill with blood properly.
D: Myocarditis is inflammation of the heart muscle, typically caused by infections or autoimmune conditions, leading to temporary reduction in heart function.
Hence, the correct answer is A as it specifically describes the scenario of a thickened heart muscle without an obvious cause impacting the heart's pumping ability.
What is a condition where the arteries that supply blood to the heart muscle become hardened and narrowed due to the buildup of plaque?
- A. Atherosclerosis
- B. Aneurysm
- C. Arrhythmia
- D. Peripheral artery disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the condition where arteries supplying blood to the heart become hardened and narrowed due to plaque buildup, leading to decreased blood flow and potential heart issues. Aneurysm (B) is the weakening and bulging of an artery wall, not related to plaque buildup. Arrhythmia (C) is an irregular heartbeat, not directly related to arterial blockages. Peripheral artery disease (D) involves narrowing of arteries in the limbs, not specifically related to the heart. Thus, Atherosclerosis is the most fitting choice for the given condition.
Which of the following conditions is identified by a P wave notch in the ECG of a client?
- A. Aortic stenosis
- B. Mitral regurgitation
- C. Aortic regurgitation
- D. Mitral stenosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A P wave notch on an ECG suggests mitral stenosis, indicating delayed conduction through the atria.
What advice about sexual activity should the nurse give to a male patient who has had an MI?
- A. The patient should use the superior position
- B. Foreplay may cause too great an increase in heart rate
- C. Prophylactic nitroglycerin may be used if angina occurs
- D. Performance can be enhanced with the use of sildenafil (Viagra)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitroglycerin prevents angina during activity.