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What is a condition where the lung's air sacs become inflamed and fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing?
- A. Pneumonia
- B. Tuberculosis
- C. Asthma
- D. Bronchitis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation and fluid or pus accumulation in the lung's air sacs. This leads to symptoms such as cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. Tuberculosis (B) is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs but does not always involve fluid accumulation. Asthma (C) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and bronchospasms, not fluid-filled air sacs. Bronchitis (D) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not the air sacs in the lungs.
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What is the narrowing of the arteries due to the buildup of plaque, which can lead to heart attacks and strokes?
- A. Coronary artery disease
- B. Peripheral artery disease
- C. Aortic stenosis
- D. Mitral valve prolapse
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Coronary artery disease. This condition involves the narrowing of arteries supplying blood to the heart due to plaque buildup. Plaque can lead to blockages, causing heart attacks and strokes. Peripheral artery disease (B) affects arteries outside the heart. Aortic stenosis (C) is the narrowing of the aortic valve, not arteries. Mitral valve prolapse (D) is a condition affecting the mitral valve, not arteries. Therefore, A is the correct answer.
What is the condition where the arteries in the brain become blocked or narrowed, leading to reduced blood flow and a potential stroke?
- A. Cerebral atherosclerosis
- B. Coronary artery disease
- C. Pulmonary embolism
- D. Peripheral artery disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cerebral atherosclerosis. This condition specifically refers to the buildup of plaque in the arteries supplying the brain, leading to blockages or narrowing. Reduced blood flow in the brain can result in a stroke. Coronary artery disease (B) affects the heart's blood vessels, not the brain. Pulmonary embolism (C) involves a blockage in the arteries of the lungs. Peripheral artery disease (D) affects arteries outside of the heart and brain, usually in the limbs. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it directly relates to the blockages in the brain arteries leading to a potential stroke.
Which of the following adverse effects should a nurse check for when administering lidocaine?
- A. Convulsions
- B. Amnesia
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Urinary retention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Convulsions are a serious adverse effect of lidocaine toxicity, requiring vigilant monitoring.
What is the procedure where a device is used to shock the heart back into a normal rhythm during a life-threatening arrhythmia?
- A. Defibrillation
- B. Cardioversion
- C. Echocardiogram
- D. Ablation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Defibrillation is the correct answer as it is the procedure where an electrical device delivers a shock to the heart to restore normal rhythm during a life-threatening arrhythmia. This shock helps reset the heart's electrical activity. Cardioversion (B) is similar but used for less severe arrhythmias. Echocardiogram (C) is an imaging test to assess heart function, not a treatment. Ablation (D) is a procedure to destroy abnormal heart tissue causing arrhythmias but not used for immediate life-threatening situations like defibrillation.
Which heart chamber ejects blood into the lungs via the pulmonary artery?
- A. Right atrium
- B. Left atrium
- C. Right ventricle
- D. Left ventricle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, the right ventricle. The right ventricle is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery for oxygenation. This process occurs during the pulmonary circulation phase of the cardiac cycle. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then contracts to push the blood through the pulmonary valve and into the pulmonary artery. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs, which is then pumped into the left ventricle for distribution to the rest of the body. Therefore, choices A, B, and D are incorrect as they do not directly involve the ejection of blood into the lungs via the pulmonary artery.