Cardiovascular System Exam

Cardiovascular System Exam Related

Review Cardiovascular System Exam related questions and content

What is an acute respiratory infection that inflames the alveoli in one or both lungs, causing them to fill with fluid or pus?

  • A. Pneumonia
  • B. Bronchitis
  • C. Tuberculosis
  • D. Asthma
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pneumonia. Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that specifically inflames the alveoli in the lungs, leading to fluid or pus accumulation. This condition can affect one or both lungs. Bronchitis (B) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes, not the alveoli. Tuberculosis (C) is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs but does not always involve alveoli inflammation. Asthma (D) is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by airway inflammation and constriction, not alveoli inflammation like in pneumonia.

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A patient with heart failure has tachypnea, severe dyspnea, and a SpO2 of 84%. The nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of impaired gas exchange related to increased preload and mechanical failure. An appropriate nursing intervention for this diagnosis is

  • A. Assist the patient to cough and deep breath every 2 hours
  • B. Assess intake and output every 8 hours and weigh daily
  • C. Encourage to alternate rest and activity to reduce cardiac workload
  • D. Place the patient in a high Fowler's position with the legs horizontal
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: A high fowler's position increases the thoracic capacity, improving ventilation, and sitting with the legs horizontal will decrease venous return.

What advice about sexual activity should the nurse give to a male patient who has had an MI?

  • A. The patient should use the superior position
  • B. Foreplay may cause too great an increase in heart rate
  • C. Prophylactic nitroglycerin may be used if angina occurs
  • D. Performance can be enhanced with the use of sildenafil (Viagra)
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Nitroglycerin prevents angina during activity.

Which of the following is the result of central nervous system manifestations?

  • A. Congestive heart failure
  • B. Chorea
  • C. Valve damage
  • D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Chorea, a neurological condition, can be associated with rheumatic fever affecting the central nervous system.

Your patient tells you that he has chest pains when he performs strenuous work, particularly shoveling his long driveway. He is not concerned about the pain, as it always clears up if he rests for a couple of minutes. The description of his chest pain is typical of:

  • A. Stable angina.
  • B. Normal aging
  • C. Unstable angina.
  • D. Prinzmetal's angina.
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Stable angina occurs during physical exertion and resolves with rest or nitroglycerin.

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the heart muscle, often due to a viral infection, leading to impaired heart function?

  • A. Myocarditis
  • B. Endocarditis
  • C. Pericarditis
  • D. Cardiomyopathy
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Myocarditis is the correct answer because it specifically refers to inflammation of the heart muscle often caused by a viral infection, leading to impaired heart function. It directly addresses the condition described in the question. Endocarditis is inflammation of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, not the heart muscle. Pericarditis is inflammation of the outer lining of the heart, not the heart muscle. Cardiomyopathy is a general term for diseases of the heart muscle that impair its ability to pump blood, but it does not specifically mention inflammation caused by viral infections.

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