Nokea
The client on furosemide is at risk for which electrolyte imbalance?
- A. Hypokalemia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hyperkalemia
- D. Hyponatremia
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypokalemia. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that increases potassium excretion in the urine, leading to low potassium levels (hypokalemia). This can cause muscle weakness, cramps, and cardiac arrhythmias. Hypernatremia (B) is high sodium levels, unrelated to furosemide. Hyperkalemia (C) is the opposite of what furosemide causes. Hyponatremia (D) is low sodium levels, not typically associated with furosemide use.
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Which term refers to a condition where the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked, often referred to as a heart attack?
- A. Myocardial infarction
- B. Arrhythmia
- C. Stroke
- D. Aneurysm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction refers to the condition where the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked, leading to tissue damage or cell death. This is commonly known as a heart attack. It is crucial to understand that arrhythmia (B), stroke (C), and aneurysm (D) are different medical conditions that do not specifically involve the blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. Arrhythmia is an irregular heartbeat, stroke is the interruption of blood supply to the brain, and an aneurysm is a bulge in a blood vessel. Therefore, the correct term for a condition involving a blocked blood supply to the heart muscle is myocardial infarction.
The nurse is encouraging a sedentary patient with major risks for CAD to perform physical exercise on a regular basis. In addition to decreasing the risk factor of physical inactivity, the nurse tells the patient that exercise will also directly contribute to reducing which risk factors?
- A. Hyperlipidemia and obesity
- B. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension
- C. Elevated serum lipids and stressful lifestyle
- D. Hypertension and elevated serum homocysteine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Exercise improves lipid profiles and reduces obesity.
This heart condition is characterized by decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion, which can lead to organ failure.
- A. Cardiogenic shock
- B. Myocardial infarction
- C. Endocarditis
- D. Pericarditis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Cardiogenic shock. Cardiogenic shock is characterized by decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion due to the heart's inability to pump effectively, leading to organ failure. This condition is a result of heart failure or myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction (choice B) is a cause of cardiogenic shock, but not the specific condition described. Endocarditis (choice C) and pericarditis (choice D) do not directly result in decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion leading to organ failure like cardiogenic shock does.
You are working in the ED caring for a patient who was just admitted with left anterior chest pain, possible unstable angina or myocardial infarction. Which nursing activity will you accomplish first?
- A. Auscultate heart sounds.
- B. Administer sublingual nitroglycerin.
- C. Insert an IV catheter.
- D. Obtain a brief patient health history.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Relieving chest pain is a priority to reduce myocardial oxygen demand and prevent further damage.
The client is receiving intravenous dopamine. What is the most important nursing assessment?
- A. Monitor heart rate and rhythm
- B. Monitor blood pressure
- C. Monitor respiratory rate
- D. Monitor oxygen saturation
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Monitor heart rate and rhythm. Dopamine is a medication that can affect the heart rate and rhythm. Monitoring these parameters is crucial to detect any potential adverse effects such as tachycardia or arrhythmias. Monitoring blood pressure is also important, but assessing heart rate and rhythm takes precedence due to the direct impact of dopamine on cardiac function. Respiratory rate and oxygen saturation are generally not directly affected by dopamine administration.