Nokea
Which of the following perspectives focuses on social determinants of behavior?
- A. The attachment perspective
- B. The interpersonal perspective
- C. The humanistic perspective
- D. The existential perspective
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The interpersonal perspective focuses on social determinants of behavior, emphasizing the impact of social interactions, relationships, and communication on an individual's behavior. This perspective looks at how people's behavior is influenced by their interactions with others and the social environment. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not primarily focus on social determinants of behavior. The attachment perspective is concerned with emotional bonds between individuals, the humanistic perspective emphasizes personal growth and self-fulfillment, and the existential perspective focuses on individual freedom and responsibility in creating meaning in life.
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What impact do parenting styles have on child development?
- A. Authoritarian parenting leads to positive developmental outcomes.
- B. Permissive parenting is associated with positive developmental outcomes.
- C. Neglectful parenting is associated with positive developmental outcomes.
- D. All parenting styles produce similar developmental outcomes.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Permissive parenting is associated with positive developmental outcomes because it involves warmth and a lack of strict control. Authoritarian parenting, as mentioned in choice A, is characterized by strict rules and harsh discipline, which may not lead to the best developmental outcomes. Neglectful parenting, as in choice C, involves a lack of responsiveness and support, which can have detrimental effects on a child's development. Choice D is incorrect because different parenting styles can have varying impacts on child development.
Genes ________.
- A. determine how a person will behave.
- B. cause people to develop mental disorders.
- C. determine what characteristics a person will have.
- D. determine the range of characteristics a person has.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Genes determine the range of characteristics a person has. This is the correct answer because genes contribute to a variety of traits and characteristics a person may have, influencing physical attributes, predispositions to certain conditions, and more. Choice A is incorrect because behavior is influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Choice B is incorrect because mental disorders are complex conditions influenced by various factors beyond just genes. Choice C is incorrect because genes do not solely determine all characteristics a person will have, as environmental factors also play a significant role.
Normal human cells have ________.
- A. twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes.
- B. twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs, one autosomal pair, and one pair of sex chromosomes.
- C. twenty-one chromosome pairs and two trisomy chromosome pairs.
- D. twenty-three chromosome pairs.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Normal human cells have twenty-two chromosome pairs and one pair of sex chromosomes. This adds up to a total of 46 chromosomes. Choice B is incorrect as it mentions twenty-one trisomy chromosome pairs, which is not a characteristic of normal human cells. Choice C is also incorrect as it states twenty-one chromosome pairs and two trisomy chromosome pairs, which is not accurate for normal human cells. Choice D is incorrect as it mentions twenty-three chromosome pairs, which is not the correct number for normal human cells.
Which parenting style is associated with the most positive developmental outcome?
- A. Authoritarian
- B. Permissive/indulgent
- C. Authoritative
- D. Neglectful/uninvolved
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The authoritative parenting style is associated with the most positive developmental outcomes. Authoritative parents are responsive to their children's needs while also setting clear expectations and boundaries. This balance fosters a supportive environment that allows children to develop autonomy, self-confidence, and social skills. Authoritarian parenting (choice A) is characterized by strict rules and harsh discipline, leading to less favorable outcomes. Permissive/indulgent parenting (choice B) involves being lenient and overly responsive, which can result in children lacking self-discipline. Neglectful/uninvolved parenting (choice D) is marked by a lack of responsiveness and involvement, resulting in negative developmental outcomes.
The understanding of genetic influences on behavior may never be fully achieved due to ________.
- A. the ease of researching to differentiate between the effects of the environment and genes.
- B. the likelihood that most behaviors are determined by the interaction of many genes and the environment.
- C. the reliance on twin studies in genetic research.
- D. our significant understanding of how genes impact brain chemistry.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because most behaviors are influenced by the interaction of multiple genes and the environment. Choice A is incorrect because it suggests that researching the effects of the environment and genes is easy, which is not the case. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on a specific method (twin studies) rather than the broader concept of gene-environment interaction. Choice D is incorrect as the statement implies a high level of understanding that contradicts the idea that genetic influences on behavior may never be fully understood.