Nokea
Which of the following does not describe a general trait of macromolecules?
- A. They can exist as single chains.
- B. They can be branched.
- C. They all contain carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus.
- D. They are all used by the body.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. While many macromolecules contain carbon, hydrogen, and phosphorus, not all of them do. For example, lipids, a type of macromolecule, may not contain phosphorus. Choice A and B describe structural features that macromolecules can exhibit, whether as single chains or branched forms. Choice D is incorrect as not all macromolecules are used by the body, such as synthetic polymers or certain non-digestible fibers.
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Which body system is responsible for the transport of dissolved oxygen from the lungs to the spleen?
- A. Immune
- B. Endocrine
- C. Respiratory
- D. Cardiovascular
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the cardiovascular system (Option D). The cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting oxygenated blood from the lungs, where oxygen is absorbed, to various tissues and organs in the body, including the spleen. The immune system (Option A) is responsible for defending the body against infections and diseases. The endocrine system (Option B) regulates hormones and their effects on the body. The respiratory system (Option C) is responsible for the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, in the lungs.
What is the primary function of white blood cells?
- A. To carry oxygen
- B. To fight infection
- C. To transport nutrients
- D. To transport waste
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "To fight infection." White blood cells are primarily responsible for fighting infections and foreign invaders in the body, making them a critical component of the immune system. Choice A, "To carry oxygen," is incorrect as red blood cells are responsible for oxygen transport. Choice C, "To transport nutrients," is incorrect as this function is mainly attributed to blood plasma and other specialized cells. Choice D, "To transport waste," is also incorrect as waste removal is primarily handled by the kidneys and the lymphatic system, not white blood cells.
Which part of the nervous system controls the 'fight or flight' response?
- A. Central nervous system
- B. Peripheral nervous system
- C. Autonomic nervous system
- D. Sympathetic nervous system
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is the sympathetic nervous system. It controls the 'fight or flight' response by preparing the body for stressful situations. The central nervous system (Choice A) consists of the brain and spinal cord but does not directly control the 'fight or flight' response. The peripheral nervous system (Choice B) includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, while the autonomic nervous system (Choice C) regulates involuntary bodily functions but is not specific to the 'fight or flight' response.
Which blood type is known as the universal donor?
- A. Type A
- B. Type B
- C. Type AB
- D. Type O
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Type O blood is known as the universal donor because it lacks antigens on the surface of red blood cells. This characteristic makes it compatible with all blood types during transfusions. Type A, Type B, and Type AB blood types have specific antigens that can cause adverse reactions if transfused to an incompatible recipient.
Which of the following is a genetic condition that affects the respiratory system?
- A. Asthma
- B. Cystic fibrosis
- C. Mycosis
- D. Surfactant Deficiency
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the respiratory and digestive systems. It leads to the production of thick mucus in the lungs, causing breathing difficulties and increasing the risk of respiratory infections. Choice A, Asthma, is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, but it is not a genetic condition. Choice C, Mycosis, refers to fungal infections and is not a genetic condition specifically affecting the respiratory system. Choice D, Surfactant Deficiency, is a condition related to respiratory distress syndrome in newborns and is not a genetic disorder affecting the respiratory system in general.