Nokea
A researcher wants to conduct qualitative research. Which method should they use?
- A. Collecting patient narratives
- B. Tracking the dosage of a drug and its blood levels in the patient
- C. Observing a patient's physical changes
- D. Writing journal notes about the research experience
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Qualitative research focuses on gathering non-numerical, descriptive data to explore experiences, behaviors, or perspectives. Collecting patient narratives aligns with qualitative research as it involves capturing detailed accounts of individuals' experiences or viewpoints. Choices B, C, and D involve more quantitative approaches by focusing on measurable quantities, observations, or structured note-taking, which are not characteristic of qualitative research methods.
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Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?
- A. To produce digestive enzymes
- B. To filter waste from the blood
- C. To produce white blood cells
- D. To produce red blood cells
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'To filter waste from the blood.' The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating fluid and electrolyte balance, and producing urine. Choice A is incorrect because the production of digestive enzymes primarily occurs in the pancreas and salivary glands. Choice C is incorrect as the production of white blood cells mainly takes place in the bone marrow and lymphatic system. Choice D is incorrect as the production of red blood cells occurs in the bone marrow.
Which of the following meninges is a thin membrane containing numerous nerves and blood vessels that supply nourishment to the underlying brain cells and spinal cord?
- A. Arachnoid mater
- B. Dura mater
- C. Periosteum
- D. Pia mater
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pia mater is the correct answer. It is a thin, innermost layer of the meninges that contains numerous nerves and blood vessels, providing nourishment to the underlying brain cells and spinal cord. The arachnoid mater (Choice A) is the middle layer of the meninges and does not contain as many nerves and blood vessels as the pia mater. The dura mater (Choice B) is the tough, outermost layer of the meninges and is not responsible for supplying nourishment. The periosteum (Choice C) is a connective tissue membrane covering bones, not part of the meninges.
Which of the following structures prevents food from entering the windpipe?
- A. Pharynx
- B. Esophagus
- C. Larynx
- D. Epiglottis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The epiglottis is the structure that prevents food from entering the windpipe by covering the trachea during swallowing. When food is swallowed, the epiglottis folds over the opening of the trachea to ensure that food goes down the esophagus and not into the airway. The pharynx is a shared pathway for both food and air, leading to the esophagus and larynx respectively. The esophagus is the muscular tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. The larynx is responsible for producing sound and protecting the airway during swallowing, but the epiglottis is specifically designed to prevent food from entering the windpipe.
From which of the following germ layers does the nervous system develop?
- A. Ectoderm
- B. Endoderm
- C. Gastroderm
- D. Mesoderm
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Ectoderm. The nervous system develops from the ectoderm, which is the outermost of the three germ layers. The ectoderm gives rise to structures such as the skin, hair, nails, and the entire nervous system. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the endoderm gives rise to the lining of the gut and associated organs, the gastroderm is not a recognized germ layer, and the mesoderm forms structures like muscles, bones, blood, and the circulatory system, but not the nervous system.
Which organelle is responsible for storing genetic material?
- A. Mitochondria
- B. Nucleus
- C. Ribosome
- D. Endoplasmic reticulum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the Nucleus. The nucleus is responsible for storing genetic material (DNA) and controlling cell functions. Mitochondria are known for energy production, not genetic storage. Ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis, not genetic material storage. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein and lipid synthesis, not genetic material storage. Therefore, the nucleus is the organelle primarily responsible for housing the genetic material within a cell.