Nokea
What is the correct formula for potassium chloride?
- A. NaCl
- B. KCl
- C. KCl
- D. ClK
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct formula for potassium chloride is KCl. In chemical formulas, the symbol for the cation (positive ion) comes first followed by the symbol for the anion (negative ion). Potassium is represented by the symbol K, while chloride is represented by the symbol Cl. Therefore, the formula for potassium chloride is KCl. Choice A (NaCl) is the formula for sodium chloride, not potassium chloride. Choice C is a duplicate of choice B, and choice D (ClK) is an incorrect arrangement of the symbols for potassium and chloride.
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What are proteins made up of?
- A. Fatty acids
- B. Amino acids
- C. Nucleotides
- D. Sugars
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Proteins are made up of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, essential for various biological processes in the body such as enzyme function, transport, and structural support. Fatty acids (Choice A) are components of lipids, not proteins. Nucleotides (Choice C) are the building blocks of nucleic acids like DNA and RNA, not proteins. Sugars (Choice D) are carbohydrates and are not the primary components of proteins.
What is the correct electron configuration for magnesium?
- A. 1s² 2s²
- B. 1s² 2s² 2pâ¶
- C. 1s² 2s² 2pⶠ3s²
- D. 1s² 2s² 2pⶠ3s² 3p¹
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The electron configuration of an element is determined by following the Aufbau principle, which states that electrons fill orbitals starting from the lowest energy level. Magnesium has an atomic number of 12, meaning it has 12 electrons. The electron configuration of magnesium fills the 1s, 2s, 2p, and 3s orbitals to accommodate all 12 electrons. Therefore, the correct electron configuration for magnesium is 1s² 2s² 2pⶠ3s². Choice A is incorrect as it only includes 4 electrons and stops at the 2s orbital. Choice B is incorrect as it includes 8 electrons and stops at the 2p orbital. Choice D is incorrect as it includes 13 electrons and extends to the 3p orbital, which is beyond the actual electron configuration of magnesium.
Where would you expect tap water to fall on the pH scale?
- A. Between 1 and 3
- B. Between 4 and 6
- C. Between 6 and 8
- D. Between 8 and 10
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tap water typically falls within the pH range of 6 to 8, making it slightly acidic to neutral. Most municipal water systems aim to provide water that is safe for consumption and falls within this pH range. A pH level of 7 is considered neutral, so tap water may vary slightly on either side of this number but typically remains within the 6 to 8 range to ensure it is safe for consumption. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because tap water is not expected to have a pH as low as 1-3 (highly acidic) or as high as 8-10 (alkaline); it usually falls within the slightly acidic to neutral range, hence falling between 6 and 8 on the pH scale.
What is a pentose sugar?
- A. A 6 carbon sugar
- B. A 4 carbon sugar
- C. A 5 carbon sugar
- D. A 7 carbon sugar
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A pentose is a 5-carbon sugar, as the prefix 'pent-' signifies five. Therefore, a pentose sugar consists of five carbon atoms. Choice A, 'A 6 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as a pentose sugar specifically has five carbons. Choice B, 'A 4 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as it describes a tetrose sugar, which has four carbons. Choice D, 'A 7 carbon sugar,' is incorrect as it does not correspond to the definition of a pentose sugar.
How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?
- A. 1
- B. 2
- C. 3
- D. 4
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: '2'. In a single covalent bond, two electrons are shared between two atoms. Each atom contributes one electron to form the bond, resulting in the sharing of a total of two electrons. Choice A is incorrect because a single covalent bond involves the sharing of two electrons, not one. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not represent the correct number of electrons shared in a single covalent bond.