Nokea
Which bones do the rotator cuff help to stabilize?
- A. Radius and humerus
- B. Scapula and clavicle
- C. Humerus and scapula
- D. Ulna and radius
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Humerus and scapula. The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and tendons that help stabilize the shoulder joint. Specifically, the rotator cuff muscles help to stabilize the head of the humerus (the upper arm bone) within the shallow socket of the scapula (shoulder blade). This stabilizing action is crucial for maintaining shoulder joint function and preventing injuries. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the rotator cuff primarily stabilizes the humerus and scapula, not the radius, ulna, or clavicle.
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Where does primary peristalsis occur?
- A. Esophagus
- B. Stomach
- C. Nervous system
- D. Small intestine
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Primary peristalsis occurs in the esophagus. Peristalsis is the coordinated muscular contractions that propel food through the digestive tract. In the esophagus, primary peristalsis is the involuntary wave-like contractions that push food from the mouth to the stomach. It is the natural and automatic process that occurs to facilitate the movement of food during digestion. The stomach (choice B), nervous system (choice C), and small intestine (choice D) are not the primary sites where peristalsis occurs in the digestive system.
Which of the following is true about skeletal muscle?
- A. Skeletal muscle makes up 40% of the body's weight.
- B. Skeletal muscle attaches to bones by tendons.
- C. Muscle contraction is not involved in temperature regulation.
- D. Skeletal muscles contract only when in use.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement is that skeletal muscle attaches to bones through tendons, enabling movement. Tendons connect muscles to bones and allow the force generated by muscle contraction to be transmitted to the bones, facilitating voluntary movements. Choice A is incorrect because skeletal muscle typically makes up around 40-50% of an individual's body weight, not a fixed 40%. Choice C is incorrect as muscle contraction plays a vital role in temperature regulation by generating heat. Choice D is incorrect as skeletal muscles may have constant low-level contractions even at rest, known as muscle tone.
Which organ system is largely responsible for controlling stress?
- A. The endocrine system
- B. The digestive system
- C. The lymphatic system
- D. The respiratory system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The endocrine system is largely responsible for controlling stress through the release of hormones such as cortisol and adrenaline. These hormones help regulate the body's response to stress by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy production. The endocrine system plays a crucial role in the body's stress response and helps the body adapt to and cope with stressful situations. The digestive system (Choice B) is primarily responsible for breaking down food and absorbing nutrients, not controlling stress. The lymphatic system (Choice C) is responsible for immune function and maintaining fluid balance, not controlling stress. The respiratory system (Choice D) is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, not controlling stress.
Which is another name for thiamine?
- A. Vitamin B1
- B. Vitamin B2
- C. Vitamin B6
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Thiamine is another name for Vitamin B1. It is an essential vitamin that plays a crucial role in energy metabolism and is important for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Vitamin B2 is riboflavin, not thiamine. Vitamin B6 is pyridoxine, not thiamine. Vitamin D is a different vitamin responsible for calcium absorption and bone health, not thiamine. Therefore, the correct answer is Vitamin B1.
To which system do the retinas belong?
- A. skeletal system
- B. nervous system
- C. lymphatic system
- D. circulatory system
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The retinas belong to the nervous system. The retina is a layer of tissue at the back of the eye responsible for detecting light and sending visual information to the brain through the optic nerve. This process is essential for vision, which is controlled by the nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the retinas have no association with the skeletal, lymphatic, or circulatory systems.