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Nurse preparing wellness presentation for families at community center. When discussing health screenings for adolescents, which info about scoliosis should nurse include?
- A. "scoliosis is more common in girls than in boys"
- B. loss of height is often first sign of scoliosis
- C. scoliosis screening is essential during adolescent growth spurt
- D. slouching is common cause of scoliosis, esp. in adolescents
- E. scoliosis is forward curvature of spine
Correct Answer: A, C
Rationale: Correct Answer: A, C
Rationale:
A: "Scoliosis is more common in girls than in boys" - Correct. Scoliosis is indeed more prevalent in girls, especially during adolescence.
C: "Scoliosis screening is essential during adolescent growth spurt" - Correct. Screening during growth spurts is crucial for early detection and intervention.
Summary:
B: Loss of height as the first sign of scoliosis is incorrect, as it is not a common symptom.
D: Slouching is not a cause of scoliosis; it is a misconception.
E: Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine, not a forward curvature.
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Nurse in clinic caring for 21 yo client who reports sore throat. Client tells nurse he hasn't seen a doctor since high school. Which health screening should nurse expect provider to perform for this client?
- A. Testicular exam
- B. Blood glucose
- C. Fecal occult blood
- D. Prostate-specific antigen
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Testicular exam. The nurse should expect the provider to perform a testicular exam because the client is a 21-year-old male. Testicular cancer is most common in young men, with the highest incidence between ages 15-35. Since the client has not had a doctor visit since high school, it is important to screen for testicular cancer as part of routine health maintenance. This exam can help detect any abnormalities early on, leading to better outcomes. Blood glucose (choice B) screening is more relevant for diabetes, which typically affects older individuals. Fecal occult blood (choice C) screening is used for detecting colorectal cancer, typically recommended for individuals over 50. Prostate-specific antigen (choice D) screening is for prostate cancer, which is more common in older men.
Nurse is talking with parents of toddler. Which should nurse suggest regarding discipline?
- A. Establish consistent boundaries
- B. Place him in room with door closed
- C. Have him learn by trial & error
- D. Use favorite snacks as rewards
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Establish consistent boundaries. This is important in toddler discipline as it provides structure and teaches the child what behaviors are acceptable. Consistency helps in setting clear expectations and enforcing consequences. Option B is incorrect as isolation can lead to feelings of abandonment. Option C is incorrect as trial and error may not provide clear guidance for the child. Option D is incorrect as using food rewards may lead to unhealthy eating habits.
Nurse caring for client just admitted after falling. This client is oriented 3x & can follow directions. Which action(s) by nurse are appropriate to decrease risk of fall? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Place belt restraint on him when he's sitting on bedside commode
- B. Keep bed in low position with full side rails up
- C. Ensure client's call light is within reach
- D. Provide client with nonskid footwear
- E. Complete fall-risk assessment
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Correct Answer: C, D, E
Rationale:
C: Ensuring the client's call light is within reach allows them to easily call for assistance, reducing the risk of falls.
D: Providing the client with nonskid footwear enhances traction, decreasing the likelihood of slipping and falling.
E: Completing a fall-risk assessment helps identify specific factors contributing to the client's fall risk, enabling tailored interventions for prevention.
Incorrect Choices:
A: Placing a belt restraint on the client when sitting on the commode can lead to loss of autonomy and increase agitation, potentially escalating fall risk.
B: Keeping the bed in a low position with full side rails up may restrict the client's movement and independence, leading to frustration and potential attempts to climb out, increasing the risk of falls.
Nurse caring for 5 yo whose parents report she fears painful procedures, like shots. Which strategies should nurse use to try to help ease child's fear? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Invite child to assist with mealtime activities
- B. Cluster invasive procedures whenever possible
- C. Assign caregivers with whom the child is familiar
- D. Have parents bring in favorite toy from home
- E. Engage child in pretend play with toy medical kit
Correct Answer: A,D,E
Rationale: Correct Answer: A, D, E
Rationale:
A: Inviting the child to assist with mealtime activities can help build trust and rapport, making the child more comfortable and less fearful in the healthcare setting.
D: Having parents bring in the child's favorite toy from home can provide comfort and distraction, helping to alleviate fear and anxiety during procedures.
E: Engaging the child in pretend play with a toy medical kit allows for familiarization with medical tools in a non-threatening way, helping to reduce fear and anxiety related to medical procedures.
Summary:
B: Clustering invasive procedures may minimize the number of times the child needs to undergo such procedures but does not directly address the fear.
C: Assigning caregivers familiar to the child is important for comfort but may not directly address the fear of painful procedures.
A Client is about to undergo an elective surgical procedure. Which of the following actions are appropriate for the nurse providing pre-op care regarding informed consent? (Select all that apply.)
- A. Make sure the surgeon obtained the client's consent
- B. Witness client's signature on consent form
- C. Explain the risks/benefits of procedure
- D. Describe consequences of choosing not to have surgery
- E. Tell client about alternatives to having surgery
Correct Answer: A, B
Rationale: Correct Answer: A, B
Rationale:
A: Making sure the surgeon obtained the client's consent is crucial to ensure that the client has been properly informed about the procedure and has willingly agreed to it.
B: Witnessing the client's signature on the consent form is important to confirm that the client understood the information provided and voluntarily agreed to the procedure.
Summary:
C: Explaining the risks/benefits of the procedure is important, but this is typically the responsibility of the healthcare provider, not the nurse providing pre-op care.
D: Describing consequences of choosing not to have surgery is important, but it is the healthcare provider's role, not the nurse's, to discuss this with the client.
E: Informing the client about alternatives to surgery is important, but the primary responsibility lies with the healthcare provider, not the nurse providing pre-op care.