Nokea
A nurse observes an AP reprimanding a client for not using the urinal properly. The AP tells him she will put a diaper on him if he does not use the urinal more carefully next time. Which of the following torts is the AP committing?
- A. "Assault"
- B. Battery
- C. False imprisonment
- D. Invasion of privacy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Assault." Assault is the intentional act that creates fear of imminent harmful or offensive contact. In this scenario, the AP's threat of putting a diaper on the client if he does not use the urinal properly next time constitutes assault as it instills fear in the client. Choice B, Battery, involves actual harmful or offensive contact, which is not present here. Choice C, False Imprisonment, involves restricting someone's freedom of movement, which is not happening in this scenario. Choice D, Invasion of Privacy, is not applicable as the situation does not involve a violation of the client's privacy.
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A nurse in a senior center is counseling a group of older adults about their nutritional needs and considerations. Which of the following information should the nurse include? Select all.
- A. Older adults are more prone to dehydration than younger adults.
- B. Older adults need the same amount of most vitamins and minerals as younger adults.
- C. Many older men and women need calcium supplementation.
- D. Older adults need more calories than they did when they were younger.
- E. Older adults should consume a diet low in carbohydrates.
Correct Answer: A, B, C
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, and C.
A: Older adults are more prone to dehydration due to age-related physiological changes that decrease the body's ability to conserve water.
B: While older adults generally need the same amount of vitamins and minerals as younger adults, they may require higher amounts of certain nutrients like vitamin D and calcium.
C: Many older men and women may need calcium supplementation to prevent osteoporosis and maintain bone health.
Incorrect choices:
D: Older adults typically need fewer calories as they age due to decreased metabolism and physical activity.
E: There is no specific recommendation for older adults to consume a diet low in carbohydrates, as carbohydrates are an essential energy source.
A nurse educator is teaching a module on pharmacokinetics to a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following statements by a newly licensed nurse indicates an understanding of the 1st-pass effect?
- A. Some meds block normal receptor activity regulated by endogenous compounds or receptor activity caused by other meds.
- B. Some meds may have to be administered by a nonenteral route to avoid inactivation as they travel through the liver.
- C. Some meds leave the body more slowly & therefore have a greater risk of accumulation & toxicity.
- D. Some meds have a wide safety margin, so there is no need for routine serum medication level monitoring.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. The 1st-pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug in the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.
2. Medications administered orally undergo first-pass metabolism in the liver, leading to potential inactivation.
3. Administering such meds through nonenteral routes (e.g., intravenous) bypasses the liver, avoiding inactivation.
4. Choice A discusses receptor activity, not related to the first-pass effect.
5. Choice C refers to drug elimination rate, not specific to the first-pass effect.
6. Choice D discusses safety margin and monitoring, not directly related to drug metabolism.
A nurse is assessing a client who takes haloperidol (Haldol) for the treatment of schizophrenia. Which of the following findings should the nurse document as extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)? Select all.
- A. Orthostatic hypotension
- B. Fine motor tremors
- C. Acute dystonias
- D. Decreased level of consciousness
- E. Uncontrollable restlessness
Correct Answer: B, C, E
Rationale: The correct answer is B, C, and E. Fine motor tremors, acute dystonias, and uncontrollable restlessness are all extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) commonly associated with haloperidol use. Fine motor tremors refer to involuntary shaking movements, acute dystonias are sudden muscle contractions causing abnormal postures, and uncontrollable restlessness is known as akathisia. These are classic EPS manifestations caused by dopamine blockade in the basal ganglia. Orthostatic hypotension (A) is a side effect related to alpha-adrenergic blockade, not EPS. Decreased level of consciousness (D) is not typically associated with EPS but may indicate overdose or other complications.
A nurse is caring for a client who presents with linear clusters of fluid-containing vesicles with some crusting. Which of the following should the nurse suspect?
- A. Allergic reaction
- B. Ringworm
- C. Systemic lupus erythematosus
- D. Herpes zoster
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Herpes zoster. The presentation of linear clusters of fluid-containing vesicles with crusting is characteristic of herpes zoster, also known as shingles. This viral infection is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, which initially causes chickenpox. The linear distribution of the vesicles along a dermatome is a key feature of herpes zoster. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Allergic reactions typically present with hives or itching, not vesicles with crusting. B: Ringworm presents as circular, red, scaly patches, not linear clusters of vesicles. C: Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease that manifests with a butterfly rash on the face, joint pain, and other systemic symptoms, not vesicles. Therefore, the nurse should suspect herpes zoster based on the presentation described.
A nurse is preparing a presentation about basic nutrients for a group of high school athletes. She should explain that which of the following is the body's priority energy reserve?
- A. Fat
- B. Protein
- C. Glycogen
- D. Carbohydrates
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the body's priority energy reserve because they are the primary source of energy for the body, especially during high-intensity activities like sports. When consumed, carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used for immediate energy or stored as glycogen in muscles and the liver for later use. Fat is a long-term energy reserve but is not as readily accessible as carbohydrates for quick energy. Protein is primarily used for building and repairing tissues, not as a main energy source. Glycogen is a stored form of carbohydrates in the body, not the primary energy reserve.