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The nurse is planning to assess new memory with a patient. The best way to do this would be to:
- A. Administer the FACT test.
- B. Ask him to describe his first job to you.
- C. Give him the Four Unrelated Words Test.
- D. Ask him to describe the last TV show he watched before coming to the clinic.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Give him the Four Unrelated Words Test. This is the best way to assess new memory because it is a standardized test specifically designed to evaluate a patient's ability to form new memories. The test involves presenting the patient with four unrelated words and then asking them to recall those words after a delay. This test is reliable, valid, and widely used in clinical settings to assess new memory formation.
Other choices are incorrect because:
A: Administering the FACT test is not the best way to assess new memory as it is not specifically designed for this purpose.
B: Asking the patient to describe his first job does not directly evaluate new memory formation and may not provide a standardized assessment.
D: Asking the patient to describe the last TV show he watched does not focus on new memory and is not a standardized way to assess memory function.
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A nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. The nurse should prioritize which of the following assessments?
- A. Oxygen saturation levels.
- B. Pain levels.
- C. Bowel sounds.
- D. Level of consciousness.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Oxygen saturation levels. This assessment is crucial in pneumonia to ensure adequate oxygenation. Low oxygen levels can lead to respiratory distress. Pain levels (B) are important but not a priority over oxygenation. Bowel sounds (C) are not directly related to pneumonia. Level of consciousness (D) is also important but not as critical as ensuring proper oxygen levels for a patient with pneumonia. Oxygen saturation levels should be prioritized to prevent complications and ensure the patient's respiratory status is stable.
Which of the following statements about nursing diagnoses is true? Nursing diagnoses:
- A. evaluate the etiology of disease.
- B. are a process based on medical diagnosis.
- C. evaluate the response of the whole person to actual or potential health problems.
- D. focus on the function and malfunction of a specific organ system in response to disease.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Rationale:
1. Nursing diagnoses evaluate the response of the whole person to health problems, not just specific organ systems.
2. They focus on the individual's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual well-being.
3. Nursing diagnoses are independent of medical diagnoses and consider the person holistically.
4. Option C aligns with the nursing process and the holistic approach of nursing care.
Summary:
Option A is incorrect as nursing diagnoses do not solely evaluate the etiology of disease. Option B is incorrect as nursing diagnoses are independent of medical diagnoses. Option D is incorrect as nursing diagnoses focus on the whole person, not just specific organ systems.
A patient with heart failure is experiencing shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs. The nurse should monitor for signs of which of the following complications?
- A. Pulmonary embolism.
- B. Renal failure.
- C. Liver failure.
- D. Worsening heart failure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Worsening heart failure. Shortness of breath, fatigue, and leg swelling are common symptoms of heart failure. Monitoring for signs of worsening heart failure, such as increased dyspnea, weight gain, and decreased exercise tolerance, is crucial. Pulmonary embolism (A) presents with sudden chest pain and shortness of breath, not typically associated with chronic heart failure. Renal failure (B) may present with decreased urine output and electrolyte imbalances. Liver failure (C) may present with jaundice and changes in mental status. However, given the symptoms presented by the patient, monitoring for worsening heart failure is the most appropriate choice.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse should monitor for which of the following complications?
- A. Pulmonary embolism.
- B. Pneumothorax.
- C. Hypercapnia.
- D. Asthma attack.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, hypercapnia. In COPD, impaired lung function leads to inadequate oxygen exchange, causing increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood (hypercapnia). This can result in respiratory acidosis and further exacerbate respiratory distress. Monitoring for hypercapnia is crucial in COPD management to prevent respiratory failure.
Incorrect choices:
A: Pulmonary embolism - While patients with COPD are at increased risk for blood clots, pulmonary embolism is not a direct complication of COPD.
B: Pneumothorax - Although individuals with COPD may develop pneumothorax due to weakened lung tissue, it is not a common complication.
D: Asthma attack - Asthma and COPD are distinct conditions with different pathophysiology. Asthma attacks are not a typical complication of COPD.
A nurse is caring for a patient with a history of chronic asthma. The nurse should prioritize monitoring for which of the following complications?
- A. Pneumothorax.
- B. Hyperglycemia.
- C. Respiratory failure.
- D. Chronic renal failure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Respiratory failure. For a patient with chronic asthma, the priority complication to monitor for is respiratory failure as it can be life-threatening. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that can lead to severe bronchoconstriction and impaired gas exchange, potentially resulting in respiratory failure. Monitoring for signs such as increased respiratory rate, use of accessory muscles, decreased oxygen saturation, and altered mental status is crucial. Pneumothorax (A) is a possible complication but less common in chronic asthma. Hyperglycemia (B) and chronic renal failure (D) are not directly related to asthma and are not the primary complications to monitor for in this case.