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A nurse is teaching a patient with diabetes about self-management. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates the need for further education?
- A. I will check my blood sugar regularly.
- B. I will take my insulin only when my blood sugar is high.
- C. I will eat a balanced diet and exercise regularly.
- D. I will report any signs of infection to my healthcare provider.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Taking insulin only when blood sugar is high can lead to uncontrolled levels.
2. Regular insulin dosing is essential for diabetes management.
3. Monitoring blood sugar regularly helps in adjusting insulin doses.
4. Eating a balanced diet and exercising are key components of diabetes management.
5. Reporting signs of infection is crucial due to diabetes-related complications.
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A visiting nurse is making an initial home visit to a patient who has a number of chronic medical problems. Which type of database is most appropriate to collect in this setting?
- A. A follow-up database to evaluate changes at appropriate intervals
- B. An episodic database because of the continuing, complex medical problems of this patient
- C. A complete health database because of the nurse's primary responsibility for monitoring the patient's health
- D. An emergency database because of the need to rapidly collect information and make accurate diagnoses
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: A complete health database because of the nurse's primary responsibility for monitoring the patient's health. In this initial home visit, the nurse needs to gather comprehensive information about the patient's medical history, current health status, medications, allergies, and lifestyle factors to establish a baseline for ongoing care. This complete health database will help the nurse make informed decisions and provide personalized care.
Choice A (follow-up database) is incorrect as it is used to evaluate changes over time, not for the initial assessment. Choice B (episodic database) is incorrect because the patient's chronic medical problems require a more comprehensive approach. Choice D (emergency database) is incorrect as it is used for urgent situations, not for routine assessments.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone a knee replacement. The nurse should encourage which of the following to promote recovery?
- A. Strict bed rest for the first 48 hours.
- B. Ambulation as soon as possible after surgery.
- C. Limiting physical activity for 2 weeks post-op.
- D. Prolonged use of the affected leg in a cast.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ambulation as soon as possible after surgery. Ambulation helps prevent complications like blood clots and aids in circulation and muscle strength. Bed rest can lead to stiffness and decrease in range of motion. Limiting physical activity delays recovery. Prolonged use of a cast can hinder mobility and delay rehabilitation.
Canada's population as a whole is aging, and for the first time in Canadian history, which age group has exceeded that of people aged 15 to 24?
- A. Under 15 years of age
- B. 35"“44 years
- C. 55"“64 years
- D. Over 65 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 55-64 years. This age group has exceeded that of people aged 15-24 due to factors like increased life expectancy, lower birth rates, and the aging baby boomer population. This demographic shift impacts workforce, healthcare, and social services. Choice A is incorrect as it represents the youngest age group. Choice B is incorrect as it falls within the working-age group. Choice D is incorrect as it represents the elderly population, which is still lower than the 55-64 age group in this context.
While auscultating for heart sounds, the nurse hears an unfamiliar sounWhat should the nurse do next?
- A. Document the findings on the patient's record.
- B. Wait 10 minutes, and auscultate the heart again.
- C. Ask another nurse to double-check the finding.
- D. Ask the patient to take deep breaths and check for changes in their physical condition.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Document the findings on the patient's record. This is the appropriate action because documenting the unfamiliar sound ensures that the information is accurately recorded for future reference. Waiting 10 minutes (B) may not address the issue, as the sound could still be present. Asking another nurse to double-check (C) may lead to subjective interpretations. Asking the patient to take deep breaths (D) may not be relevant to identifying the unfamiliar sound. Recording the finding is crucial for tracking changes in the patient's condition and communicating with other healthcare professionals.
A nurse is caring for a patient with hypertension. Which of the following lifestyle changes would the nurse prioritize to help manage the patient's blood pressure?
- A. Increasing sodium intake.
- B. Losing weight and increasing physical activity.
- C. Consuming more processed foods.
- D. Limiting fluid intake.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Losing weight and increasing physical activity help manage blood pressure by reducing excess body weight, improving heart function, and enhancing blood flow. This leads to lower blood pressure levels.
A: Increasing sodium intake would worsen hypertension by promoting fluid retention and raising blood pressure.
C: Consuming more processed foods often includes high levels of sodium, unhealthy fats, and additives that can negatively impact blood pressure.
D: Limiting fluid intake is not a primary lifestyle change for managing hypertension; adequate fluid intake is important for overall health and blood pressure regulation.