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A nurse is assessing a patient who is post-operative following a hip replacement. Which of the following is the most important nursing priority after surgery?
- A. Managing pain.
- B. Monitoring for infection.
- C. Preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
- D. Ensuring proper positioning.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It is the most important nursing priority after hip replacement surgery because patients are at high risk for DVT due to immobility and altered blood flow. DVT can lead to serious complications like pulmonary embolism. Monitoring for infection (B) is important but preventing DVT takes precedence. Managing pain (A) is essential but not the top priority. Ensuring proper positioning (D) is important for preventing complications, but DVT prevention is more critical post-hip replacement surgery.
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A nurse is providing education to a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse should prioritize which of the following lifestyle changes?
- A. Quitting smoking.
- B. Increasing fluid intake.
- C. Increasing physical activity.
- D. Taking over-the-counter cold medications.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Quitting smoking. Smoking is the most important lifestyle change for a patient with COPD as it is the primary cause of the disease and continues to worsen symptoms. Quitting smoking can slow down the progression of COPD, decrease exacerbations, and improve overall lung function.
Summary of other choices:
B: Increasing fluid intake - While staying hydrated is important for overall health, it is not the top priority for a patient with COPD.
C: Increasing physical activity - Exercise is beneficial for COPD patients, but quitting smoking takes precedence as it directly impacts the disease progression.
D: Taking over-the-counter cold medications - Cold medications may provide temporary relief for symptoms, but they do not address the underlying cause of COPD which is smoking.
A nurse is caring for a patient who has undergone a knee replacement. The nurse should encourage which of the following to promote recovery?
- A. Strict bed rest for the first 48 hours.
- B. Ambulation as soon as possible after surgery.
- C. Limiting physical activity for 2 weeks post-op.
- D. Prolonged use of the affected leg in a cast.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ambulation as soon as possible after surgery. Ambulation helps prevent complications like blood clots and aids in circulation and muscle strength. Bed rest can lead to stiffness and decrease in range of motion. Limiting physical activity delays recovery. Prolonged use of a cast can hinder mobility and delay rehabilitation.
A nurse preparing to conduct a prenatal class is aware that which of the following groups is at highest risk for infant mortality?
- A. European Canadians
- B. Asian Canadians
- C. African Canadians
- D. First Nations people
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: First Nations people. First Nations people in Canada have historically faced systemic barriers to healthcare, leading to higher rates of infant mortality compared to other groups. This includes socio-economic factors, access to quality healthcare, and cultural differences impacting healthcare practices. European Canadians, Asian Canadians, and African Canadians do not face the same level of disparities and risk factors contributing to infant mortality rates as First Nations people. It is essential for healthcare providers to understand these disparities to address the health needs of First Nations communities effectively.
During an interview, the nurse asks the patient to tell more about their shortness of breath. What is the verbal skill used?
- A. Reflection
- B. Facilitation
- C. Direct question
- D. Open-ended question
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Open-ended question. This verbal skill allows the patient to provide detailed information and express their feelings freely. By asking the patient to talk more about their shortness of breath, the nurse encourages a comprehensive response. Reflection (A) involves paraphrasing the patient's words, not eliciting more information. Facilitation (B) involves encouraging the patient to continue but does not necessarily prompt open-ended responses. Direct question (C) typically elicits a specific answer and limits the patient's response.
A nurse is caring for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse should prioritize which of the following interventions?
- A. Administering supplemental oxygen as needed.
- B. Encouraging regular physical activity.
- C. Administering antibiotics regularly.
- D. Providing increased fluid intake.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering supplemental oxygen as needed. This is the priority intervention for a patient with COPD because it helps improve oxygenation and relieve respiratory distress, which is the main concern in COPD. Supplemental oxygen also helps reduce the workload on the heart and other organs. Encouraging physical activity (B) is important for overall health but may not be the priority in acute exacerbations. Administering antibiotics regularly (C) is not necessary unless there is a documented infection. Providing increased fluid intake (D) is important for maintaining hydration but is not the priority intervention in this case.