Nokea
The sample used to proving epidemic meningitis is:
- A. CSF transported at 37°C (CSF sample, blood, nasopharyngeal secretion)
- B. Feces
- C. CSF transported at +4°C
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because CSF (Cerebrospinal fluid) is the sample used for proving epidemic meningitis. It should be transported at 37°C to maintain its integrity. Blood and nasopharyngeal secretions are not typically used for diagnosing meningitis. Choice B, feces, is unrelated to the diagnosis of meningitis. Choice C, CSF transported at +4°C, is incorrect as it should be transported at 37°C to prevent degradation of the sample. Therefore, A is the correct choice for proving epidemic meningitis due to the specificity of the sample and the proper transport conditions.
You may also like to solve these questions
For the specific prophylaxis of rabies it is NOT CORRECT that
- A. Ab against rabies virus can be found 14-15 days after immunization
- B. Reinfection is not possible
- C. HRIG (human rabies immunoglobulin) is applied in the first few hours after possible infection
- D. Six (5+1) doses of an inactivated vaccine are applied
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because reinfection is indeed possible with rabies virus. Step 1: Reinfection occurs if a person is exposed to the virus again after initial infection. Step 2: Once infected, the virus can remain dormant in the body and become active upon re-exposure. Step 3: Therefore, it is essential to continue preventive measures even after initial immunization. Summary: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because antibodies develop within 14-15 days post-immunization, HRIG is administered shortly after exposure, and a specific vaccination schedule is followed for rabies prophylaxis, respectively.
The most important fungi that cause diseases of the skin, hair, and nails are called:
- A. Plasmodium
- B. sporozoites
- C. dermatophytes
- D. nematodes
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Correct Answer: C: dermatophytes
Rationale:
1. Dermatophytes are fungi that specifically infect the skin, hair, and nails.
2. They are the most common fungi causing such infections in humans.
3. Plasmodium and sporozoites are parasites causing malaria, not skin diseases.
4. Nematodes are a type of roundworm and do not typically cause skin, hair, or nail infections.
In summary, dermatophytes are the correct answer because they are specialized fungi that commonly cause skin, hair, and nail diseases, distinguishing them from the other choices.
Bacteria are studied by:
- A. Taxonomy
- B. Classification
- C. Identification
- D. Nomenclature
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Identification. Bacteria are studied by identification to determine their specific characteristics and differentiate between different species. Taxonomy (A) is the science of classification, not specific to bacteria. Classification (B) is the process of grouping organisms based on shared characteristics, not specific to bacteria. Nomenclature (D) is the naming system for organisms, not the primary method for studying bacteria. Therefore, identification (C) is the correct choice for studying bacteria.
A wound swab from a patient with severe tissue infection revealed Gram-positive rods in chains producing gas. The bacteria were spore-forming. What is the causative agent?
- A. Clostridium perfringens
- B. Bacillus anthracis
- C. Clostridium tetani
- D. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clostridium perfringens. This bacterium is a Gram-positive rod that forms chains and produces gas due to its ability to ferment carbohydrates. It is also spore-forming, which helps it survive harsh conditions. Clostridium perfringens is commonly associated with severe tissue infections and gas gangrene.
Choice B: Bacillus anthracis is also a spore-forming Gram-positive rod but is not typically associated with gas production or severe tissue infections.
Choice C: Clostridium tetani is a spore-forming bacterium that causes tetanus, not severe tissue infections with gas production.
Choice D: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium and does not fit the description provided in the question.
A relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed is called:
- A. commensalism
- B. parasitism
- C. synergism
- D. antagonism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: parasitism. In parasitism, one organism (parasite) benefits at the expense of the other organism (host). The parasite derives nutrients or resources from the host, causing harm or even death in some cases. This relationship is characterized by asymmetry, where one organism benefits while the other is negatively impacted. Commensalism (A) is a relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected. Synergism (C) is a mutually beneficial relationship where both organisms benefit. Antagonism (D) is a relationship where both organisms are harmed or inhibited.