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The nurse is providing instructions to a nursing assistant regarding care of an older client with hearing loss. The nurse tells the assistant that clients with a hearing loss:
- A. Respond to low pitched tones.
- B. Have difficulty hearing any frequency of sound.
- C. Need assistance with lip-reading only.
- D. Respond to high-pitched tones more clearly.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because clients with hearing loss typically have difficulty hearing high-pitched tones, making it easier for them to respond to low-pitched tones. Low-pitched tones are easier for individuals with hearing loss to perceive due to the nature of hearing loss affecting the ability to hear higher frequencies. Choice B is incorrect as it is a generalization that does not consider the specific nature of hearing loss. Choice C is incorrect because individuals with hearing loss may require various forms of assistance beyond just lip-reading. Choice D is incorrect as individuals with hearing loss generally struggle more with high-pitched tones.
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Which of the following is an indicator of dementia rather than normal aging?
- A. Difficulty recalling recent events
- B. Increased forgetfulness
- C. Forgetting names of familiar people
- D. Memory loss affecting daily functioning
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because memory loss affecting daily functioning is a key indicator of dementia, not normal aging. Normal aging may involve some forgetfulness, but it typically does not significantly impact daily activities. Choice A is incorrect because difficulty recalling recent events can occur in both normal aging and dementia. Choice B is incorrect as increased forgetfulness is a common feature of aging and may not necessarily indicate dementia. Choice C is incorrect as forgetting names of familiar people can also be a normal part of aging and does not solely point to dementia. Memory loss affecting daily functioning is a more specific and severe symptom that strongly suggests dementia over normal aging.
The nurse is performing an assessment on an older adult client. What assessment data would indicate a potential complication associated with the skin of this client?
- A. Crusting
- B. Wrinkling
- C. Thinning/loss of elasticity of skin
- D. Crusting
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Crusting. In older adults, crusting on the skin can indicate a potential complication such as infection, dermatitis, or impaired wound healing. Crusting may result from dryness, scratching, or poor circulation. It is essential for the nurse to assess and address the underlying cause promptly to prevent further complications.
B: Wrinkling is a normal part of aging and not necessarily indicative of a complication unless it is severe and associated with other symptoms.
C: Thinning/loss of elasticity of skin is a common age-related change and may not always indicate a complication unless it is excessive.
D: Crusting is a duplicate answer.
The nurse is performing a basic assessment on an older client. Which of the following is a common age-related change?
- A. Decreased skin elasticity and thinning
- B. Increased muscle mass
- C. Increased cardiac output
- D. Increased renal filtration rate
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Aging causes decreased collagen production, leading to decreased skin elasticity and thinning.
2. Loss of subcutaneous fat contributes to the appearance of aging skin.
3. Wrinkles and sagging are common signs of decreased skin elasticity in older adults.
4. Increased muscle mass, increased cardiac output, and increased renal filtration rate are not typical age-related changes.
Summary: Skin changes such as decreased elasticity and thinning are common in older adults due to reduced collagen production and loss of subcutaneous fat. Increased muscle mass, cardiac output, and renal filtration rate are not typical age-related changes.
Which of the following statements describing dental care for the elderly population is incorrect?
- A. Losing one's teeth is considered a normal part of the aging process.
- B. Clients who are edentulous continue to need to see dentists for regular checkups.
- C. Regular dental examinations can prevent tooth loss and correct bite misalignments, thus improving the elderly client's ability to chew healthful foods.
- D. The incidence of oral malignancies increases as a person ages. Therefore, regular oral exams are important to the health of the older adult.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because losing one's teeth is not a normal part of the aging process. Teeth loss is primarily due to poor oral hygiene, dental diseases, and other factors, not solely aging.
Step 1: Aging itself does not directly cause tooth loss.
Step 2: Proper oral care and regular dental checkups can prevent tooth loss.
Step 3: Edentulous clients still need dental checkups for oral health.
Step 4: Regular dental exams can prevent tooth loss and improve chewing ability.
Step 5: The incidence of oral malignancies does increase with age, emphasizing the importance of regular oral exams.
Incorrect answers:
B: Clients who are edentulous need dental checkups for oral health.
C: Regular exams can prevent tooth loss and improve chewing ability.
D: Oral malignancies increase with age, highlighting the importance of regular oral exams.
Overall, maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental visits are crucial for elderly individuals' oral health, preventing tooth
The nurse is teaching a client with COPD about proper use of an inhaler. What should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Use the inhaler only when you feel short of breath.
- B. Inhale deeply before activating the inhaler.
- C. Inhale rapidly after activating the inhaler.
- D. Use the inhaler as often as possible for maximum benefit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because inhaling deeply before activating the inhaler ensures proper medication delivery to the lungs. This allows the medication to reach the affected areas efficiently. Choice A is incorrect because inhalers are often used preventatively, not just when short of breath. Choice C is incorrect as inhaling rapidly may not allow the medication to be effectively deposited in the lungs. Choice D is incorrect because using the inhaler excessively can lead to overuse and potential side effects.